{"id":132002,"date":"2024-03-15T17:33:33","date_gmt":"2024-03-15T17:33:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/?p=132002"},"modified":"2024-03-15T17:34:23","modified_gmt":"2024-03-15T17:34:23","slug":"spotlight-on-uda-walawe-national-park-jumbos-starve-due-to-scarcity-of-fodder-grazing-cattle-by-kamanthi-wickramasinghe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/spotlight-on-uda-walawe-national-park-jumbos-starve-due-to-scarcity-of-fodder-grazing-cattle-by-kamanthi-wickramasinghe\/","title":{"rendered":"Spotlight on Uda Walawe National Park Jumbos starve due to scarcity of fodder, grazing cattle-by Kamanthi Wickramasinghe"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Spotlight on Uda Walawe National Park Jumbos starve due to scarcity of fodder, grazing cattle-<span style=\"color: #800000;\">by Kamanthi Wickramasinghe<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dailymirror.lk\/news-features\/Spotlight-on-Uda-Walawe-National-Park-Jumbos-starve-due-to-scarcity-of-fodder-grazing-cattle\/131-278639\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-49618 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/bmkltsly13vb.compat.objectstorage.ap-singapore-1.oraclecloud.com\/cdn.sg.dailymirror.lk\/assets\/uploads\/image_5a7efa3a8a.jpg\" alt=\"elanka\" width=\"600\" height=\"341\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #800080;\">Source:<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dailymirror.lk\/news-features\/Spotlight-on-Uda-Walawe-National-Park-Jumbos-starve-due-to-scarcity-of-fodder-grazing-cattle\/131-278639\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dailymirror<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dailymirror.lk\/news-features\/Spotlight-on-Uda-Walawe-National-Park-Jumbos-starve-due-to-scarcity-of-fodder-grazing-cattle\/131-278639\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-49618 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/bmkltsly13vb.compat.objectstorage.ap-singapore-1.oraclecloud.com\/cdn.sg.dailymirror.lk\/assets\/uploads\/image_f7367e08c5.jpg\" alt=\"elanka\" width=\"600\" height=\"341\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Elephants at the Uda Walawe National Park are starving due to a massive shortage of food<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Fingers are pointed at the authorities for being responsible for poor habitat management at Uda Walawe National Park<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Another major issue at national parks is the release of cattle for free grazing<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Senior ecologists observe that the after growth from chena cultivation is very good elephant habitat<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dailymirror.lk\/news-features\/Spotlight-on-Uda-Walawe-National-Park-Jumbos-starve-due-to-scarcity-of-fodder-grazing-cattle\/131-278639\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-49618 size-full alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/bmkltsly13vb.compat.objectstorage.ap-singapore-1.oraclecloud.com\/cdn.sg.dailymirror.lk\/assets\/uploads\/image_e61f0daa96.jpg\" alt=\"elanka\" width=\"300\" height=\"341\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">It was a little past noon when we reached the Uda Walawe National Park. We were excited to see elephants in their natural habitats, but serious concern was bothering everyone of us at the same time. In the backdrop of battling with an aggravating human-elephant conflict, environmentalists have speculated whether elephants at the Uda Walawe National Park are starving due to a massive shortage of food. As we entered the Park, we noticed speculation turning to truth.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\"><strong>Excellent habitat for elephants\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Uda Walawe was designated as a National Park in 1972 to primarily protect the immediate catchment of the Uda Walawe reservoir while also providing refuge for displaced elephants. The area where the Park lies at present was once used for chena cultivations. Senior ecologists observe that the after growth from chena cultivation is very good elephant habitat. \u201cElephants don\u2019t like thick forests,\u201d said Senior Elephant Researcher Dr. Sumith Pilapitiya. \u201cIt\u2019s a misconception on our part. We think elephants like thick forests. In primary and secondary forests the density of elephants is about 0.2 elephants per square kilometre; which means each elephant in that habitat needs about 500 hectares for survival per year. In scrub jungles, grasslands and chena after growth the density is three elephants per square kilometre which means you need only 33 hectares per elephant. Uda Walawe had so many elephants because it was old chena land and it was an excellent habitat for elephants,\u201d explained Dr. Pilapitiya.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dailymirror.lk\/news-features\/Spotlight-on-Uda-Walawe-National-Park-Jumbos-starve-due-to-scarcity-of-fodder-grazing-cattle\/131-278639\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-49618 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/bmkltsly13vb.compat.objectstorage.ap-singapore-1.oraclecloud.com\/cdn.sg.dailymirror.lk\/assets\/uploads\/image_5fa6ed632d.jpg\" alt=\"elanka\" width=\"600\" height=\"341\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\"><strong>Poor habitat management?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">The vegetation at Uda Walawe National Park comprises old-growth Dry-Mixed Evergreen Forest, the climax forest formation of the dry zone and its successional stages. The major vegetation types are Dry-Mixed Evergreen Forest, riverine forest along Walawe River, savanna, scrub, and grassland. But as our jeep driver drove towards the heart of the National Park the heavy dominance of invasive species including Lantana and Podi Singho Maran (Eupatorium odoratum) was evident. The growth of invasive species limits the growth of native species and as a result the herbivores experience a scarcity of fodder. This is one of the reasons for elephants to move out of national parks in search of food, thereby resulting in the human-elephant conflict.\u00a0<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">\u201cUda Walawe is a park that is largely being managed for elephants,\u201d Dr. Pilapitiya continued. \u201cThen you have to manage the habitat for elephants and not for biodiversity because elephants are the main feature here. All these areas going into intermediate forests were scrub jungles and open grasslands. If you don\u2019t intervene through biological succession from grasslands it becomes scrub jungles, intermediate forests and over the years it will progress. But when authorities don\u2019t intervene invasive species will dominate the ecosystem,\u201d said Dr. Pilapitiya<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">He said that one of the most evident signs of a poor habitat is when elephants are found in smaller sub groups. \u201cThe smaller the group it gives an indication of how bad the habitat is. In Minneriya for instance, you see large herds of elephants because there\u2019s food in abundance. In any national park if you see 2-3 groups of elephants there is a serious habitat problem,\u201d he added.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\"><strong>Control burning as an immediate remedy\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Ecologists observe that control burning is an effective habitat management tool in a situation like this. Dr. Pilapitiya explained that in order to make grasslands more attractive for elephants they need to be burned. \u201cWith control burning you create fire barriers so that the fire won\u2019t spread and you set fire to it a month or so before the rains start. With the rains, fresh grass starts growing. This is what attracts all herbivores. But perhaps due to criticisms and blame games the authorities may not be using these tools effectively,\u201d he added.\u00a0<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Open areas that receive direct sunlight are ideal environments for invasive species to grow and take over native species. Dr. Pilapitiya observeed that the prevailing habitat at the Uda Walawe National Park is not favorable for elephants. His statement was made even clearer when we witnessed three elephants feeding on a small patch of grassland by the side of the road. One of them, a she elephant, looked extremely starved as its ribs and skeletal frame were visible even from a distance.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">\u201cTheir body conditions have deteriorated and unfortunately the situation has now gone beyond control burning. It is difficult to control burn this kind of habitat as it has grown too much. The invasive species and scrub jungles need to be removed followed by control burning in order to make it a suitable habitat for elephants once again,\u201d Dr. Pilapitiya added.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Several environmental organizations have conducted successful programmes to remove invasive species in places such as Lunugamvehera and Minneriya National Parks. These initiatives included the local communities thereby engaging them in livelihoods at the height of the pandemic. \u201cIf the authorities have the financial allocations they can perhaps use community labour to remove invasive species,\u201d Dr. Pilapitiya further said. \u201cNo protected area can survive if the local community doesn\u2019t benefit from it and there\u2019s no livelihood for them,\u201d he added.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\"><strong>A war over grass\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Another major issue at national parks is the release of cattle for free grazing. \u201cMany local cattle owners don\u2019t have grazing grounds for their cattle. Therefore they deliberately release their cattle into the national parks for free feeding. When the cattle eat grass there\u2019s less fodder for elephants and as a result they will go outside looking for fodder. Elephants eat grass in such a manner that it tends to grow back fast. But when it comes to cattle they eat it right to the ground and it takes time for the grass to grow. On the other hand, domesticated cattle that enter the parks bring external diseases to wildlife and at the same time take wildlife diseases out of the park,\u201d he explained.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">No issue with regards to shortage of fodder: Park Warden<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Despite concerns raised by ecologists, the Park management observes that this is a usual occurrence. \u201cBy the end of 2022 and beginning of 2023 there was a heavy drought followed by heavy rains,\u201d said Uda Walawe National Park Warden Uthpala Adaranga. \u201cAfter the rains and up until now there has been no issue with regards to a shortage of fodder for elephants. In any national park there is a visible dominance of invasive species. In this zone there is an abundance of lantana and Podi Singho Maran. We need to allow the natural succession of vegetation. I believe that this is a sign of resilience. The grasslands see, to be shifting to a more advanced habitat as it is being replaced by shrubs. Herbivores feed on new grass as they constitute fiber and proteins. We have achieved around 25-30% of the climax forest formation. From trees such as Neem to Maila (Bauhinia Racemosa) we are now witnessing the growth of trees such as Palu(Manilkara hexandra) and Weera (Drypetes sepiaria) as well. Therefore I believe that a natural succession of vegetation types is underway to restore the park back to a normal habitat,\u201d especially for herbivores,\u201d he concluded.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/elanka-newsletter-sign-up\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">Click here to receive your free copy of the eLanka Newsletter twice a week delivered directly\u00a0to\u00a0your\u00a0inbox!<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Spotlight on Uda Walawe National Park Jumbos starve due to scarcity of fodder, grazing cattle-by Kamanthi Wickramasinghe Source:Dailymirror Elephants at the Uda Walawe National Park are starving due to a massive shortage of food Fingers are pointed at the authorities for being responsible for poor habitat management at Uda Walawe National Park Another major issue [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":122512,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"aside","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[62354,62356,53414,62355],"class_list":{"0":"post-132002","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-aside","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-articles","8":"tag-dry-mixed-evergreen-forest","9":"tag-minneriya-national-parks","10":"tag-uda-walawe-national-park","11":"tag-uthpala-adaranga","12":"post_format-post-format-aside"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.7.1 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Spotlight on Uda Walawe National Park Jumbos starve due to scarcity of fodder, grazing cattle-by Kamanthi Wickramasinghe<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Elephants at the Uda Walawe National Park are starving due to a massive shortage of 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