{"id":141317,"date":"2024-09-06T02:43:35","date_gmt":"2024-09-06T02:43:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/?p=141317"},"modified":"2024-09-06T02:43:35","modified_gmt":"2024-09-06T02:43:35","slug":"mechanisms-of-action-of-drugs-for-high-blood-pressure-by-dr-harold-gunatillake-order-of-australia-frcs-fics-fiacs-amsing-mbbscey","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/mechanisms-of-action-of-drugs-for-high-blood-pressure-by-dr-harold-gunatillake-order-of-australia-frcs-fics-fiacs-amsing-mbbscey\/","title":{"rendered":"Mechanisms of Action of Drugs for High Blood Pressure – By Dr Harold Gunatillake-Order of Australia FRCS, FICS, FIACS, AM(Sing), MBBS(Cey)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mechanisms of Action of Drugs for High Blood Pressure – By Dr Harold Gunatillake-Order of Australia FRCS, FICS, FIACS, AM(Sing), MBBS(Cey)<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

\"Harold-Gunethilake\"<\/p>\n

\"High
\n
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

The Mechanism of Action of Drugs for High Blood Pressure is a\u00a0 crucial topic that empowers individuals to take control of their\u00a0 health. By understanding how these drugs work, you can make\u00a0 informed decisions that positively impact your well-being. <\/span>High blood pressure often develops as people age, particularly\u00a0 after age 60. It is mainly caused by artery thickening, referred to\u00a0 as arteriosclerosis. This condition, not to be confused with\u00a0 atherosclerosis, which involves plaque formation within the\u00a0 arteries, is influenced by factors such as age, lifestyle, diet,\u00a0 physical inactivity, uncontrolled diabetes, and stress. This\u00a0 underscores the crucial role of healthy living in preventing high\u00a0 blood pressure.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

As a result of these detrimental changes, the heart is forced to\u00a0 work harder throughout a lifetime, leading to increased pressure\u00a0 for the distribution of oxygenated blood and nutrients. The pressure the heart creates when it pumps the blood is called\u00a0 blood pressure. Pulses are also felt as the artery increases in size\u00a0 when the blood is pumped from the heart. This is referred to as\u00a0 pulse pressure. Arteries with high pressure always have a higher risk\u00a0 of breaking and resulting in failure (Heart Failure or Congestive\u00a0 heart failure (CCF), which is not good. Before the heart goes into\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

failure, the muscles, especially in the left ventricle, which pumps\u00a0 blood out, become enlarged (hypertrophy), well seen on plain X rays like a boot shape. Understanding the concept of pulse\u00a0 pressure and its implications for heart health is crucial in\u00a0 understanding the risks associated with high blood pressure.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Understanding that blood pressure below 130\/70 mmHg is\u00a0 considered normal is vital. The current consensus is that the\u00a0 pressure should be lowered to systolic 120mmHg and diastolic 60- 70mmHg. If your blood pressure is 130\/90 mm Hg or higher, you\u00a0 have a condition known as hypertension, and it’s crucial to seek\u00a0 treatment. Early detection and treatment of hypertension play a\u00a0 proactive and responsible role in significantly reducing the risk of\u00a0 heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, and eye damage. If you are overweight, remember that losing weight to the\u00a0 required range with dietary changes and daily exercise alone can\u00a0 be effective without the need for medication and its potential\u00a0 side effects. This underscores the hopeful and optimistic role that\u00a0 lifestyle changes can play in managing high blood pressure. Learning that our kidneys are crucial in raising blood pressure\u00a0 when needed and that medications are prescribed to counteract\u00a0 and lower blood pressure is fascinating. Understanding this aspect\u00a0 of our body’s function can make us feel more knowledgeable and\u00a0 in tune with our health.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

When blood reaches the kidney, it senses and helps the body\u00a0 control blood pressure. Put another way, when you raise blood\u00a0 pressure, your body holds water and reduces it in the urine. In\u00a0 other words, the kidney tells blood vessels to shrink during stress to increase blood pressure. The hormones renin, angiotensin,\u00a0 aldosterone, norepinephrine, and others produced by the kidney\u00a0 will make the blood vessels retain the water and blood, narrowing\u00a0 the vessels’ diameter and raising the blood pressure.\u00a0 The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a critical\u00a0 regulator of blood volume, electrolyte balance, and systemic\u00a0 vascular resistance.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Renin is an enzyme made by special cells in your kidneys. It’s part\u00a0 of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system \u2014 a chain reaction to\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

regulate blood pressure. Precisely, renin controls aldosterone\u00a0 production, a hormone made by your adrenal glands. Aldosterone (ALD) is a hormone that helps regulate blood pressure\u00a0 by managing sodium (salt) and potassium levels in the blood and\u00a0 impacting blood volume. Having too much or too little\u00a0 aldosterone in the body can cause health issues.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Angiotensin is a hormone that helps regulate your blood pressure\u00a0 by constricting (narrowing) blood vessels and triggering water and\u00a0 salt (sodium) intake.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Now that we understand the RAAS system let’s discuss how ACE\u00a0 inhibitors and ARB drugs reduce blood pressure.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Examples of ACE inhibitors include:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Benazepril (Lotensin).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Captopril.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Enalapril (Vasotec).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Fosinopril.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Lisinopril (Zestril).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Moexipril.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Perindopril.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Quinapril.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

You may be taking one of these drugs to reduce your blood\u00a0 pressure.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are medicines\u00a0 that help relax the veins and arteries to lower blood pressure. ACE inhibitors prevent an enzyme in the body from making\u00a0 angiotensin 2, a substance that narrows blood vessels, from\u00a0 angiotensin 1.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Specifically, renin promotes angiotensinogen produced in the liver\u00a0 to form angiotensin1.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) prevents angiotensin one from converting into angiotensin 2, constricting blood vessels. So, the drug ACE inhibitors( list given earlier) prevent angiotensin1\u00a0 from being converted to angiotensin11, thus preventing\u00a0 angiotensin two from constricting blood vessels, which increases\u00a0 blood pressure.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Now you know how ACE inhibitors lower your blood pressure. I hope that is very clear.<\/span><\/p>\n

Now, what are ARB drugs? ARB stands for Angiotensin Receptor\u00a0 Blockers. These drugs block the production of angiotensin11, which constricts blood vessels and thus lowers blood pressure. They include irbesartan, valsartan, losartan and candesartan. If\u00a0 the name of a medicine ends in ‘sartan’, it is an ARB. <\/span>So, remember that angiotensin11 is the troublemaker. ACE\u00a0 inhibitors prevent an enzyme from forming angiotensin11, and ARB\u00a0 blocks the receptors that form angiotensin11, thus lowering your\u00a0 blood pressure.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

So, your doctor may have prescribed an ACE inhibitor or ARB to\u00a0 lower your blood pressure.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Calcium Channel Blockers\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

These are the other popular antihypertensive drugs, invariably\u00a0 combined with an ACE inhibitor or ARB.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

How do CCBs work? CCBs reduce the amount of calcium entering\u00a0 cells of the heart and blood vessel walls. This is significant because\u00a0 calcium is necessary to contract the muscular linings of blood\u00a0 vessels throughout your body (for example, the arteries that supply\u00a0 your heart with oxygen).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Examples of calcium channel blockers include:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Amlodipine (Norvasc).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Diltiazem (Cardizem, Tiazac, others).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Felodipine.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Isradipine.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Nicardipine.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Nifedipine (Procardia).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Nisoldipine (Sular).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Verapamil (Verelan).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

If your doctor has prescribed two medications to lower your blood\u00a0 pressure, you may also be taking one of these.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Types of Drugs for High Blood Pressure\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

2.1. Diuretics\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

2.2. Beta-Blockers\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

2.3. ACE Inhibitors\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

2.4. Calcium Channel Blockers<\/span><\/p>\n

2.5. Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Mechanisms of Action\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    3.1. Diuretics – Sodium and Water Excretion\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    3.2. Beta-Blockers – Decreased Heart Rate and Contractility 3.3. ACE Inhibitors – Inhibition of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 3.4. Calcium Channel Blockers – Vasodilation and Reduced Heart\u00a0 Rate\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    3.5. Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers – Blockade of Angiotensin II\u00a0 Receptors\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    Risk Factors and Complications\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

    High blood pressure is highly prevalent in developed countries. In\u00a0 the USA, approximately 100 million people aged 18 or older have\u00a0 the disease, which accounts for 45.3% of this population. It is often\u00a0 undiagnosed until complications arise, with only 68.7% of people\u00a0 with high blood pressure being aware of their condition. While\u00a0 62.4% are treated for the condition, only 45.2% have their blood\u00a0 pressure well controlled, leading to an increased frequency of\u00a0 complications and high healthcare costs. Uncontrolled high blood\u00a0 pressure can last for years and increases the risk of stroke, heart\u00a0 attack, renal failure, heart failure, and sudden death. It is\u00a0 estimated that about 90% of individuals at risk will have associated\u00a0 disease by age 80. The two forms of hypertension are primary\u00a0 hypertension, which occurs in 90% of the hypertensive population\u00a0 and has no identifiable cause, and secondary hypertension. <\/span><\/p>\n

    End<\/span><\/p>\n

    Click here to receive your free copy of the eLanka Newsletter twice a week delivered directly\u00a0to\u00a0your\u00a0inbox!<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Mechanisms of Action of Drugs for High Blood Pressure – By Dr Harold Gunatillake-Order of Australia FRCS, FICS, FIACS, AM(Sing), MBBS(Cey) The Mechanism of Action of Drugs for High Blood Pressure is a\u00a0 crucial topic that empowers individuals to take control of their\u00a0 health. By understanding how these drugs work, you can make\u00a0 informed decisions […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":141318,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"aside","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,1103],"tags":[69950,38835,69961,69951,69959,69957,69952,69958,69956,69960,69948,69954,69962,69955,69949,69953],"class_list":{"0":"post-141317","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-aside","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-articles","8":"category-dr-harold-gunatillake","9":"tag-ace-inhibitors-for-high-blood-pressure","10":"tag-angiotensin-receptor-blockers","11":"tag-angiotensin-converting-enzyme-inhibitors","12":"tag-arb-drugs-for-hypertension","13":"tag-arteriosclerosis-and-high-blood-pressure","14":"tag-beta-blockers-for-high-blood-pressure","15":"tag-calcium-channel-blockers-for-hypertension","16":"tag-diuretics-for-hypertension","17":"tag-dr-harold-gunatillake-high-blood-pressure","18":"tag-heart-health-and-hypertension","19":"tag-high-blood-pressure-drugs","20":"tag-high-blood-pressure-treatment-options","21":"tag-hypertension-complications-and-treatment","22":"tag-hypertension-medication-overview","23":"tag-mechanism-of-action-hypertension-medication","24":"tag-renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system-raas","25":"post_format-post-format-aside"},"yoast_head":"\nMechanisms of Action of Drugs for High Blood Pressure - 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