{"id":144734,"date":"2024-11-10T14:10:56","date_gmt":"2024-11-10T14:10:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/?p=144734"},"modified":"2024-11-10T14:10:56","modified_gmt":"2024-11-10T14:10:56","slug":"the-burgher-exodus-from-sri-lanka-a-reading-in-1988-by-michael-roberts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-burgher-exodus-from-sri-lanka-a-reading-in-1988-by-michael-roberts\/","title":{"rendered":"The Burgher Exodus from Sri Lanka: A Reading in 1988 – By Michael Roberts"},"content":{"rendered":"

The Burgher Exodus from Sri Lanka: A Reading in 1988 – By Michael Roberts<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

\"Michael<\/p>\n

Source :\u00a0thuppahis<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Barbara Crossette,\u00a0in\u00a0New York Times<\/em>\u00a0way back in 1988 \u2026. where the title runs thus \u201cColombo Journal; A Proud People, Scattered and Forgotten by Time\u201d<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

In Sri Lanka, a country torn by violence, the holiday season is perhaps most poignant for a small minority that has not been part of the ethnic strife at all.\u00a0 They call themselves the Dutch Burghers, but the name, most generously defined, can cover a rich ethnic mix of Portuguese, Dutch, British and other Europeans who settled here over several centuries.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

The Burghers, who are Christians, also number among themselves the Eurasian descendants of Europeans and high-born Sinhalese or, less often, Tamils. Ethnic Sinhalese account for about 74 percent of the Sri Lankan population of about 16 million; Tamils, 18 percent<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Once a wealthy, visible and influential population, there are no more than 30,000 Burghers now, and their numbers continue to dwindle. \u2018<\/strong>Very Few of Us Left\u2019 \u201dThey are mostly all gone now,\u201d said Pieter Keuneman, the leader of the Communist Party of Sri Lanka and one the country\u2019s best-known Burghers. \u201dAll my friends and relatives have gone to Heaven, to the other place or to Australia,\u201d he said. \u201dThere are very few of us left.\u201d Those who remain, Mr. Keuneman said, do not vote for him. Burghers are a middle-class, professional community with moderate political opinions.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201dMost of our people emigrated, to Australia, or Canada, England and some to the States, especially after 1956,\u201d said\u00a0Percy Colin-Thome<\/strong>, a retired Supreme Court judge who is president of the Dutch Burgher Union of Ceylon, a cultural and social organization that also publishes a scholarly journal on Sri Lankan history. \u201dThe Burghers felt that they were being outcast by the Sinhalese Language Act of 1956.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

In 1956, Prime Minister S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike \u2013 the late husband of Sirimavo Bandaranaike, who ran unsuccessfully for President this year \u2013 enacted a \u201dSinhala only\u201d language act. Tamils felt the discrimination most immediately, and this became one of the root grievances that led to a Tamil autonomy movement and civil war nearly 30 years later. The Tamil language has now been officially restored to equality with Sinhalese.<\/span><\/p>\n

For the Burghers, the setback was to be more serious in the long run. \u201dWe were ruined by the Sinhala-only Act, because by then English had become our mother tongue,\u201d said Mr. Colin-Thome,\u00a0a descendant of a Swiss soldier, Pierre Thomet, who came to what was then Ceylon in 1778 to fight as a mercenary for the Dutch East India Company under the Swiss Count de Meuron.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Passing of Colonial Power<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

As colonial power passed from the Portuguese to the Dutch and finally to the British, the Europeans and Eurasians who would come to be known collectively as Burghers became well-educated and active in the professions. Some took to politics.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201dA very brilliant lawyer called Charles Ambrose Lorenz was the first to agitate for self-rule,\u201d Mr. Colin-Thome said. \u201dAt the turn of this century, we dominated the professions, the medical, legal and teaching professions, because we had a head start in learning English<\/strong>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

C.A. Lorenz and company \u2013 key drivers of the journal YOUNG CEYLON \u2014 an erudite organ questioning British rule in the years 1850-52<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201dWhen the British came in 1796, it took the Dutch Burghers about two decades to adjust,\u201d he said. \u201dBecause Dutch, being a Germanic language, had the same roots, it became easy for them to learn English.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201dThe English Government took an interest in education in about 1835, because they wanted to train a class of clerks,\u201d he said. \u201dThey started a school in Colombo called the Colombo Academy. About 65 percent of the pupils were Burghers at the start, and upper caste-Sinhalese were the rest.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Red-Tiled Bungalows<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

As Burghers grew to dominance in the professions, they filled their handsome, red-tiled bungalows with fine Dutch and Portuguese antiques. They became patrons of the arts. Mr. Colin-Thome produces classical plays and collects contemporary paintings, he said in an interview in his home in a quiet residential neighborhood of Colombo, guarded by a posse of distrustful dogs. Ethnic unrest has increased general lawlessness in Sri Lanka.<\/span><\/p>\n

By the time of independence in 1948, \u201dwe had got too close to the rulers,\u201d Mr. Colin-Thome said. \u201dAfter the British left, we were vulnerable.\u201d \u201dWe made mistakes,\u201d he said, \u201dWe were out of sympathy with Buddhism, the religion of most of the Sinhalese, and with their language and culture.\u00a0<\/strong>As we held a lot of jobs in proportion to our size, [but] that also created a lot of antipathy towards us,\u201d he said. \u201dWhen the Sinhalese came to power, they put their people over us.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Moves to Australia<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201dThe Burghers got the worst of it, and that induced many of them to leave the country in the interests of their country,\u201d Mr. Colin-Thome said. \u201dMore than 60,000 Sri Lankans, most of them Burghers, now live in Australia. There are more Burghers there than in Sri Lanka.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Other migrations followed. Most recently, Burgher families have left to avoid growing violence and a breakdown in services in a country that once led South Asia in almost every field of development.<\/span><\/p>\n

Five years of ethnic Tamil-Sinhalese fighting has been followed in the last few months by a campaign of intimidation and political assassination by the Sinhalese nationalist Marxists of the People\u2019s Liberation Front and the Patriotic People\u2019s Movement. They oppose the presence of Indian peacekeeping troops who came to Sri Lanka in 1987 to disarm Tamil insurgents.<\/span><\/p>\n

The Sinhalese leftists, who brought Colombo to a standstill by anonymous threats to shopkeepers, bus drivers and public servants on numerous occasions this fall, tried to stop the presidential election on Dec. 19 by violent means. Sri Lankans, not all of them Burghers, are leaving the country out of fear.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mr. Colin-Thome says he will stay. But he canceled a Christmas visit being planned by relatives who wanted to come here from Australia. \u201dWe Burghers are a middle-class community, a law-abiding people,\u201d he said. \u201dWe hate disruption, and we are out of sympathy with socialism and revolution.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

A version of this article appears in print on\u00a0Dec. 27, 1988, Section\u00a0A, Page\u00a04\u00a0of the National edition\u00a0with the headline:\u00a0Colombo Journal; A Proud People, Scattered and Forgotten by Time<\/strong><\/em>.<\/span>
\n****\u00a0 ***<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

NOTE PERTINENT ITEMS<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

M<\/strong>oira Colin-Thome 2007:<\/strong>\u00a0\u201cThe Kelly\u2019s of Killarney,<\/strong>\u201d\u00a0https:\/\/www.historyofceylontea.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

TMZ Careem 2017:\u00a0\u201cDisappearing Burgher and Malay Nsurnames in Island Lanka\u201d\u00a0<\/strong>https:\/\/thuppahis.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

David Mason:<\/strong>\u00a0https:\/\/gw.geneanet.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0The Kelly family at play<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

A NOTE from Michael Roberts, November 2020<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Percy Colin-Thome,<\/strong>\u00a0like me, was from the town of Galle. but from an older generation. It was my privilege to work closely with him and Ismeth Raheem in the 1989s preparing the book\u00a0People Inbetween<\/strong>\u00a0(which appeared under the imprint of Sarvodaya in 1989).\u00a0 Having discovered the Lorenz Letters and other documents within the repository at the Royal Asiatic Society, we set to work preparing the Letters for public presentation. Percy, typically, was meticulous in his work on this project and it is a pity that the presentaion of the Letters has not seen the light of print \u2014 though the interpretational work appeared in book-form in 1989.\u00a0 I was a regular visitor at Percy\u2019s home in Layard\u2019s Road Baabalapitiya in the late 1980s. I have missed his convivial presence in the past decades, but am pleased that his wife Moira is still hale and hearty; while one son, David, has followed his father in becoming President of the Dutch Burgher Union recently. Halleluyyah.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Click here to receive your free copy of the eLanka Newsletter twice a week delivered directly\u00a0to\u00a0your\u00a0inbox!<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Burgher Exodus from Sri Lanka: A Reading in 1988 – By Michael Roberts Source :\u00a0thuppahis Barbara Crossette,\u00a0in\u00a0New York Times\u00a0way back in 1988 \u2026. where the title runs thus \u201cColombo Journal; A Proud People, Scattered and Forgotten by Time\u201d In Sri Lanka, a country torn by violence, the holiday season is perhaps most poignant for […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":88737,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"aside","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,42710],"tags":[72987,1913,45372,72988,29441,43505],"class_list":{"0":"post-144734","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-aside","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-articles","8":"category-michael-roberts","9":"tag-burgher-exodus-from-sri-lanka","10":"tag-burghers","11":"tag-christians","12":"tag-communist-party-of-sri-lanka","13":"tag-michael-roberts","14":"tag-sri-lankan-population","15":"post_format-post-format-aside"},"yoast_head":"\nThe Burgher Exodus from Sri Lanka: A Reading in 1988 - By Michael Roberts - eLanka<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Burgher Exodus from Sri Lanka: A Reading in 1988 - By Michael Roberts Barbara Crossette, in New York Times way back in 1988 \u2026. where\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Burgher Exodus from Sri Lanka: A Reading in 1988 - By Michael Roberts\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Burgher Exodus from Sri Lanka: A Reading in 1988 - By Michael Roberts Barbara Crossette, in New York Times way back in 1988 \u2026. where\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-burgher-exodus-from-sri-lanka-a-reading-in-1988-by-michael-roberts\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"eLanka\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/eLanka.com.au\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-10T14:10:56+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Michael-Roberts-eLanka.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"160\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"184\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"eLanka admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"eLanka admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-burgher-exodus-from-sri-lanka-a-reading-in-1988-by-michael-roberts\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-burgher-exodus-from-sri-lanka-a-reading-in-1988-by-michael-roberts\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"eLanka admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/#\/schema\/person\/f6e635b74ab35ef88a68a9973cacc5bd\"},\"headline\":\"The Burgher Exodus from Sri Lanka: A Reading in 1988 – By Michael Roberts\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-10T14:10:56+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-burgher-exodus-from-sri-lanka-a-reading-in-1988-by-michael-roberts\/\"},\"wordCount\":1280,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-burgher-exodus-from-sri-lanka-a-reading-in-1988-by-michael-roberts\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Michael-Roberts-eLanka.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Burgher Exodus from Sri Lanka\",\"BURGHERS\",\"Christians\",\"Communist Party of Sri Lanka\",\"Michael Roberts\",\"Sri Lankan population.\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Articles\",\"Michael Roberts\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-burgher-exodus-from-sri-lanka-a-reading-in-1988-by-michael-roberts\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-burgher-exodus-from-sri-lanka-a-reading-in-1988-by-michael-roberts\/\",\"name\":\"The Burgher Exodus from Sri Lanka: A Reading in 1988 - By Michael Roberts - eLanka\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-burgher-exodus-from-sri-lanka-a-reading-in-1988-by-michael-roberts\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-burgher-exodus-from-sri-lanka-a-reading-in-1988-by-michael-roberts\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Michael-Roberts-eLanka.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-10T14:10:56+00:00\",\"description\":\"The Burgher Exodus from Sri Lanka: A Reading in 1988 - By Michael Roberts Barbara Crossette, in New York Times way back in 1988 \u2026. where\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-burgher-exodus-from-sri-lanka-a-reading-in-1988-by-michael-roberts\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-burgher-exodus-from-sri-lanka-a-reading-in-1988-by-michael-roberts\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-burgher-exodus-from-sri-lanka-a-reading-in-1988-by-michael-roberts\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Michael-Roberts-eLanka.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Michael-Roberts-eLanka.jpg\",\"width\":160,\"height\":184,\"caption\":\"Michael Roberts\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-burgher-exodus-from-sri-lanka-a-reading-in-1988-by-michael-roberts\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Articles\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/category\/articles\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"The Burgher Exodus from Sri Lanka: A Reading in 1988 – By Michael Roberts\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/\",\"name\":\"eLanka\",\"description\":\"eLanka - Sri lanka events in Australia\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/#organization\",\"name\":\"eLanka\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/elanka-logo.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/elanka-logo.jpg\",\"width\":192,\"height\":82,\"caption\":\"eLanka\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/eLanka.com.au\/\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/elanka\/\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/SriLankanDownUnder\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/#\/schema\/person\/f6e635b74ab35ef88a68a9973cacc5bd\",\"name\":\"eLanka admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/2e0d346a7f97b80e861cdeafe7b7de523b59f5060666f1a5da8369457bf9b6c3?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/2e0d346a7f97b80e861cdeafe7b7de523b59f5060666f1a5da8369457bf9b6c3?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"eLanka admin\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/author\/elanka\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"The Burgher Exodus from Sri Lanka: A Reading in 1988 - By Michael Roberts - eLanka","description":"The Burgher Exodus from Sri Lanka: A Reading in 1988 - By Michael Roberts Barbara Crossette, in New York Times way back in 1988 \u2026. where","robots":{"index":"noindex","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"The Burgher Exodus from Sri Lanka: A Reading in 1988 - By Michael Roberts","og_description":"The Burgher Exodus from Sri Lanka: A Reading in 1988 - By Michael Roberts Barbara Crossette, in New York Times way back in 1988 \u2026. where","og_url":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-burgher-exodus-from-sri-lanka-a-reading-in-1988-by-michael-roberts\/","og_site_name":"eLanka","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/eLanka.com.au\/","article_published_time":"2024-11-10T14:10:56+00:00","og_image":[{"width":160,"height":184,"url":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Michael-Roberts-eLanka.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"eLanka admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"eLanka admin","Est. reading time":"8 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-burgher-exodus-from-sri-lanka-a-reading-in-1988-by-michael-roberts\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-burgher-exodus-from-sri-lanka-a-reading-in-1988-by-michael-roberts\/"},"author":{"name":"eLanka admin","@id":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/#\/schema\/person\/f6e635b74ab35ef88a68a9973cacc5bd"},"headline":"The Burgher Exodus from Sri Lanka: A Reading in 1988 – By Michael Roberts","datePublished":"2024-11-10T14:10:56+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-burgher-exodus-from-sri-lanka-a-reading-in-1988-by-michael-roberts\/"},"wordCount":1280,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-burgher-exodus-from-sri-lanka-a-reading-in-1988-by-michael-roberts\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Michael-Roberts-eLanka.jpg","keywords":["Burgher Exodus from Sri Lanka","BURGHERS","Christians","Communist Party of Sri Lanka","Michael Roberts","Sri Lankan population."],"articleSection":["Articles","Michael Roberts"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-burgher-exodus-from-sri-lanka-a-reading-in-1988-by-michael-roberts\/","url":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-burgher-exodus-from-sri-lanka-a-reading-in-1988-by-michael-roberts\/","name":"The Burgher Exodus from Sri Lanka: A Reading in 1988 - By Michael Roberts - eLanka","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-burgher-exodus-from-sri-lanka-a-reading-in-1988-by-michael-roberts\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-burgher-exodus-from-sri-lanka-a-reading-in-1988-by-michael-roberts\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Michael-Roberts-eLanka.jpg","datePublished":"2024-11-10T14:10:56+00:00","description":"The Burgher Exodus from Sri Lanka: A Reading in 1988 - By Michael Roberts Barbara Crossette, in New York Times way back in 1988 \u2026. where","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-burgher-exodus-from-sri-lanka-a-reading-in-1988-by-michael-roberts\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-burgher-exodus-from-sri-lanka-a-reading-in-1988-by-michael-roberts\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-burgher-exodus-from-sri-lanka-a-reading-in-1988-by-michael-roberts\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Michael-Roberts-eLanka.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Michael-Roberts-eLanka.jpg","width":160,"height":184,"caption":"Michael Roberts"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-burgher-exodus-from-sri-lanka-a-reading-in-1988-by-michael-roberts\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Articles","item":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/category\/articles\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"The Burgher Exodus from Sri Lanka: A Reading in 1988 – By Michael Roberts"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/#website","url":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/","name":"eLanka","description":"eLanka - Sri lanka events in Australia","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/#organization","name":"eLanka","url":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/elanka-logo.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/elanka-logo.jpg","width":192,"height":82,"caption":"eLanka"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/eLanka.com.au\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/elanka\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/SriLankanDownUnder"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/#\/schema\/person\/f6e635b74ab35ef88a68a9973cacc5bd","name":"eLanka admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/2e0d346a7f97b80e861cdeafe7b7de523b59f5060666f1a5da8369457bf9b6c3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/2e0d346a7f97b80e861cdeafe7b7de523b59f5060666f1a5da8369457bf9b6c3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"eLanka admin"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew"],"url":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/author\/elanka\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/144734","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=144734"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/144734\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":144735,"href":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/144734\/revisions\/144735"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/88737"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=144734"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=144734"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=144734"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}