{"id":150792,"date":"2025-03-20T19:06:22","date_gmt":"2025-03-20T19:06:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/?p=150792"},"modified":"2025-03-20T19:06:58","modified_gmt":"2025-03-20T19:06:58","slug":"sl-economic-crisis-geopolitical-rivalry-in-the-indian-ocean","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/sl-economic-crisis-geopolitical-rivalry-in-the-indian-ocean\/","title":{"rendered":"SL Economic Crisis, Geopolitical Rivalry in the Indian Ocean, Human and Planetary Sustainability &#8211; Prof. Asoka Bandarage"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>SL Economic Crisis, Geopolitical Rivalry in the Indian Ocean, Human and Planetary Sustainability &#8211; Prof. Asoka Bandarage<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/zTw6bIIRhNQ?si=fT9EAtjJ-1Rd7AQa\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">This episode of \u2018At HydePark with Indeewari Amuwatte\u2019 focuses on Sri Lanka\u2019s economic crisis, global financial dynamics, and the challenges of debt restructuring.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Prof. Asoka Bandarage, author of &#8216;Crisis in Sri Lanka and the World&#8217;, highlights the ongoing economic collapse, the importance of understanding global economic shifts. She points out the intensifying global competition for resources among major powers such as the U.S., China, and India. She stresses that Sri Lanka\u2019s leadership and population must be more informed and proactive in addressing the crisis.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The transcript is shown below.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">0:00<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">[Music]<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">0:12<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">and a very warm welcome you&#8217;re joining us here at Hyde Park on Adana 24 and<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">0:18<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">tonight we&#8217;ll be talking about the world economy Sri Lanka and how Sri Lanka&#8217;s<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">0:23<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">path to recovery from crisis will be shaped forward uh with the ongoing uh<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">0:30<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">incidents in the world and challenges as well as how Sri Lanka remains resilient<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">0:35<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">to these ongoing challenges i&#8217;ve invited to our studios a prominent scholar uh<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">0:40<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">who is of Sri Lankan origin who is based in the United States Professor Ashoka<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">0:46<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bandar a very warm welcome to you thank you very much uh there is a long list of<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">0:53<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">accomplishments I uh I have here as our team has dug this up but I like to<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">0:59<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">highlight you&#8217;ve written this book crisis in Sri Lanka and the world you&#8217;ve authored the the book and it&#8217;s published<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">1:06<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">now i think this was sometime last year um but uh beyond that this year we see<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">1:13<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">that the especially with US President Donald Trump um and his approach to<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">1:20<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">trade wars we see a number of challenges that our part of the world will face<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">1:25<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">because of what&#8217;s happening there what is your analysis of Sri Lanka&#8217;s situation today and how these world um<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">1:34<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">not just the wars but but also challenges and impact and constraints to<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">1:40<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">supply chain to demand is going to impact us here in Sri Lanka<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">1:46<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">yeah there&#8217;s so much going on in the world and it&#8217;s difficult to keep a focus but I think the it&#8217;s there&#8217;s a necessity<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">1:53<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">to keep a focus on the on the economy because as we see uh Sri Lanka&#8217;s economy<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">2:01<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">is collapsing uh and although uh goods are available<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">2:07<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">there&#8217;s still a shortage and of essentials and uh high inflation uh lots<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">2:16<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">of people are leaving the country you know an exodus of young professionals so in a sense the uh crisis continues now<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">2:24<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">some are hoping that with the change of regime in the United States and the uh<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">2:31<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">demise of the liber so-called liberal order that there could be uh better uh<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">2:37<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">prospects for the global south including Sri Lanka but that&#8217;s hard to imagine<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">2:44<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Because as far as the United States is concerned whether it&#8217;s the Democrats or<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">2:49<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">the Republicans they&#8217;re interested in their own expansion one could say imperialist expansion and also there&#8217;s a<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">2:58<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">war for resources around the world with uh not only the United States but China<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">3:04<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">um India and other countries uh scrambling to grab natural resources as<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">3:11<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">well as strategic locations and so on so the um challenges<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">3:18<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">continue for Sri Lanka whether uh despite the change of the administration<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">3:24<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">in in the United States are you saying that Sri Lanka will uh will be able to<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">3:29<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">navigate uh these challenges in spite of these uh ongoing challenges yeah I think<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">3:36<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">it requires the leadership of the country as well as the population to really look<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">3:44<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">at what&#8217;s going on to to be more educated and informed and to move from a<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">3:50<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">sense of powerlessness to taking their power uh this uh new administration was<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">3:56<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">brought brought to uh power with a massive uh mandate and so it has the<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">4:02<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">backing of the uh the majority of the population and how to really exercise<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">4:08<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">that mandate is a challenge uh which means for example uh<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">4:14<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">renegotiating the IMF deal uh which is not to Sri Lanka&#8217;s advantage when you<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">4:19<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">look at the fact you&#8217;re saying it&#8217;s not to Sri Lanka of Sri Lanka because it was seen as the only alternative to the<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">4:26<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">economic crisis but do you think Sri Lanka had any choice in drawing an agreement in favor of Sri Lanka given uh<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">4:34<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">the the the severity of the crisis we had faced at the time yeah I get into<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">4:39<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">some of the details of this in my book um there is evidence that bilateral<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">4:46<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">loans were available at that point and that Sri Lanka didn&#8217;t necessarily have to declare default but having done this<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">4:53<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">now we have to move forward um which means sort of looking at<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">4:59<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">various ways to make the IM IMF IMF deal more palatable to the population uh you<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">5:07<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">said there was evidence of certain bilateral uh loans that were available if you could maybe explain that to us<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">5:14<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">what was available at the time um there was a Chinese bilateral loan that was available for I believe 2.9<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">5:21<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">billion and uh instead of taking that there was pressure for Sri Lanka to move<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">5:28<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">towards the IMF deal and because it&#8217;s difficult to extricate the political and<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">5:34<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">the economic because we have to also understand the Sri Lankan issues in the context of the superpower rivalry and<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">5:41<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">the cold war and the attempt to move uh Sri Lanka away from the sphere of<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">5:47<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Chinese influence into the IMF fold and uh bring uh more directly under western<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">5:54<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">control so there was a lot going on at that time in terms of uh uh external<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">6:00<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">influences in terms of making economic decisions but now that that&#8217;s happened<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">6:06<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">um and the 2.9 billion IMF uh loan is<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">6:12<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">considered the only alternative but you have to look at the its terms and that&#8217;s not really discussed much it&#8217;s sort of<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">6:20<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">accepted as a given there&#8217;s no alternative uh to the IMF deal but how<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">6:26<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">could uh the debt service payments that are being uh uh made out of Sri Lanka&#8217;s<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">6:34<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">government revenue which is extremely high be brought down uh because that&#8217;s<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">6:40<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">something that needs to be negotiated uh for example over the next 10 years it<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">6:46<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">is shown that almost 26% of government revenue will go to<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">6:54<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">servicing the external debt which is very high by 2028 when we start repaying<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">6:59<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">our loans and interests are you saying when with all that government revenue going in for servicing debt and um<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">7:07<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">interests accumulated over um do you think we are still not ready with a plan<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">7:15<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">to recover these uh revenues that we will lose and to replace the revenues<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">7:21<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">yes for example some things are not being considered uh very seriously for example an amendment to the 2017 foreign<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">7:29<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">control exchange act which deregulated uh financial uh outflows so<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">7:37<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">organizations like global financial integrity uh have shown that there&#8217;s a lot of<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">7:45<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">misinvoicing plunder as they put it that a lot of exports revenue in foreign<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">7:51<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">exchange is uh uh hoarded in banks abroad and this includes Sri Lanka<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">7:59<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">situation and if that money it is claimed that there&#8217;s some $53 billion<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">8:04<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">uh in outside the country if some of that at least some of it can be brought<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">8:10<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">back it could definitely help repay the debt and get Sri Lanka on a stronger<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">8:16<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">economic footing mhm uh how can we draw comparison or learn from countries that<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">8:21<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">have acquired monies that were due to the country but have been hidden from uh<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">8:29<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">yeah and I think that the whole global financial architecture needs to be questioned and in terms of uh<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">8:37<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">restructuring loans there&#8217;s got to be uh international mechanisms so that<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">8:43<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">countries like Sri Lanka don&#8217;t have to go on their own to make these negotiations but if there&#8217;s an<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">8:49<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">international framework that would be you know more beneficial to uh<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">8:54<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">especially the debtridden countries in the world and there are some 54 to 70<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">9:00<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">countries that are debtridden so Sri Lanka&#8217;s situation is not unique and<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">9:06<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">another thing that needs to be taken into account in terms of economic recovery is not to go back to getting<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">9:12<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">ISBs international sovereign bonds which the IMF deal projects that starting 2027<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">9:19<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">I believe that Sri Lanka would go back to um getting uh uh getting ISBs<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">9:26<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">international sovereign bonds and those have very short maturation periods and<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">9:32<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">very high interest rates so it would be in order to have a moratorum on uh on<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">9:40<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">obtaining uh international sovereign bonds which have caused so much uh uh<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">9:45<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">havoc to the Sri Lankan economy because of uh you know much of it the debt is<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">9:51<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">owed to uh international sovereign bond holders mhm uh Sri Lanka when uh Sri<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">9:56<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Lanka um declared default and then soon last year sometime in December um Sri<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">10:03<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Lanka exited the default status but what do you suggest could have been done<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">10:09<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">different at the time yeah that&#8217;s a long story isn&#8217;t it um I<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">10:16<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">think we have to look at not only uh changing the global financial<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">10:23<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">architecture which is um really uh very<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">10:28<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">uh exploitative visav the the poorer countries the debtridden countries but<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">10:34<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">also the larger global economic system especially the neoliberal order<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">10:40<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">uh and in my book in this book as well as my earlier books like colonialism in Sri Lanka I explore how the the roots of<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">10:49<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">the current crisis the installation of an export import economy and the uh<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">10:56<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">weakening of self-sufficiency and local production which made the country<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">11:02<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">dependent on imports for even the basic essentials which meant that Sri Lanka<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">11:08<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">along with so many the dependent economies became uh subservient to<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">11:13<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">intern the wageries of the international market so when uh there were problems<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">11:19<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">outside the country you know the prices of exports going down imports going up<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">11:25<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">the country is then in a foreign exchange crisis unable to buy its own uh necessities and it leads to uh shortages<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">11:33<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">as well as other social problems so there&#8217;s a repetition of this cycle<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">11:39<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">throughout starting from the colonial period to 2022 and even to date so I<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">11:46<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">think that um questioning of the global economic<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">11:51<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">system with its uh uh exploitative relations visav the uh uh poorer<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">11:59<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">countries you know uh needs to be uh looked at and this was something that<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">12:04<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Sri Lanka took leadership during the 60s and 70s in terms of calling for a new<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">12:10<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">international economic order with better terms of trade for the poorer countries ries and it&#8217;s certainly time for a new<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">12:17<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">international economic order which u you know puts the planet and people before<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">12:24<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">profit and we also have to look at what kind of an economic order do we have in the<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">12:30<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">world today which is really controlled by a handful of billionaires and a small<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">12:36<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">cery of uh finance capital institutions like black crop for example the largest<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">12:43<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">um asset manage management company in the world it&#8217;s valued at $10 trillion<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">12:49<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">they are also incidentally the biggest uh uh ISB holder on Sri Lanka sri Lanka<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">12:57<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">so that&#8217;s why that there has to be more of an education and awakening on the part of people not<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">13:05<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">only in Sri Lanka but around the world about the realities of the integrated<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">13:10<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">globalized economy that we are living within uh you spoke about Sri Lanka&#8217;s situation<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">13:16<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">and in the 60s how Sri Lanka uh called for a new order uh and also to counter<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">13:22<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">the exploitative nature of uh certain economies on uh the poorer countries but<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">13:27<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">today do we&#8217;ve been talking about what brought Sri Lanka to where we are today the crisis how Sri Lanka plunged into<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">13:34<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">such a deep um crisis at times people said it was<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">13:40<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">beyond repair but now Sri Lanka remains remains resilient but still more needs to be done we are at the this period of<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">13:48<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">moratorum where we await repayment of certain debt but there are other<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">13:53<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">scholars and academics and economists who come on our shows and say if we don&#8217;t do things right we&#8217;re going to<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">13:59<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">fall into a deeper crisis so uh I believe it&#8217;s important we talk about where we went wrong and what we should<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">14:07<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">not uh repeat absolutely and that&#8217;s why sort of the<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">14:13<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">global southern countries taking a more collective approach is also important especially say the debtridden countries<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">14:20<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">there are groups like debt justice there have been calls for debt cancellation so even if it is not an outright debt<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">14:26<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">cancellation you can have debt renegotiation and also using uh funds<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">14:32<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">that are available to the country like for example this uh foreign exchange that is uh lying abroad how can that be<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">14:39<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">brought back and to uh also take a more<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">14:44<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">uh activist position visav the external powers who are controlling uh or<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">14:51<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">beginning to control more of the natural resources and the strategic installations of the country how to use<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">14:58<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">that strategic position and the natural resources to the advantage of the<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">15:03<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">country uh and to balance these uh external uh interests<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">15:09<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">uh where did we go wrong didn&#8217;t we know all this before yeah I think it is not<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">15:15<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">just Sri Lanka i think it is the world at large it is a human it&#8217;s really a human problem you know uh because this<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">15:23<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">struggle uh for survival environmental survival<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">15:29<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">social survival is not particular to Sri Lanka although I think it is felt more<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">15:35<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">acutely here because of the recent crisis and the superpower uh struggle the cold war context within which Sri<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">15:42<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Lanka is facing this but it is a a global issue of uh ordinary people<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">15:49<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">losing control over resources and external forces grabbing those resources<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">15:56<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">and making decisions for them so it&#8217;s really a call for justice and dist uh<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">16:01<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">distribution of resources um as well as planetary protection because you know<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">16:07<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Sri Lanka is a country which is uh environmentally threatened with co uh<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">16:12<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">rise of uh uh coastal erosion deforestation you know pollution soil<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">16:19<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">water air so those should become the priorities<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">16:25<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">uh over uh over uh profit uh for a handful of uh<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">16:33<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">billionaires outside the country or even for an elite within the country while you specialize in international<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">16:39<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">development political economy women gender studies multiculturalism conflict analysis<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">16:45<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">resolution peace security South Asia population and ecology you&#8217;re very passionate about environment i<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">16:52<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">understand um we&#8217;ve been talking about climate change the impact how the<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">16:57<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">country has to prepare going forward and also the possibility of debt to nature<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">17:03<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">swaps uh how do you how would you relate this to Sri Lanka&#8217;s context what&#8217;s the<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">17:08<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">possibility and potential for Sri Lanka really going forward as we look at massive um amounts of debt that we will<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">17:16<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">have to repay going forward yeah this is a very controversial question as you may know because on the face of it it makes<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">17:23<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">a lot of sense you know you have to pay the debt and you have all these natural resources why don&#8217;t you protect the<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">17:30<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">forests in return for uh debt cancellation of some sort but then uh<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">17:36<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">there is the issue of also development and meeting the needs of people it is not a completely anti-growth position i<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">17:44<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">mean it&#8217;s the the poorer classes that have to increase their consumption and the richer classes that have to bring<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">17:51<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">down their consumption so you cannot simply take away uh resources from<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">17:58<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">people who need it and also there is a element of putting the onus of<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">18:03<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">environmental protection on the countries in the south and the poorer classes because there is also uh sort of<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">18:11<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">uh pollution has become uh a commodity uh that you can buy the right to pollute<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">18:19<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">and have poorer countries safeguard their uh resources and nature whereas<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">18:26<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">some of the richer countries and corporations and pollute as they like because they have the money to pay to<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">18:33<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">buy uh the right to pollute so the commoditized mechanisms to address<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">18:40<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">nature uh are not always the most uh uh viable ones before we speak further I&#8217;d<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">18:47<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">like to go back to uh where the crisis was what really brought us there and<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">18:53<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">what we should do to avoid such crisis we spoke about this but I&#8217;d like to really look back and see what brought us<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">19:00<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">to where we were in 2021 yeah i think like many other countries<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">19:05<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">around the world COVID 19 uh the Ukraine crisis uh all of these<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">19:12<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">you know um uh came together in creating the uh supply chain problems and a lot<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">19:19<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">of countries you know fell into uh uh economic crisis even in the United<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">19:24<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">States you know there were shortages and so it that&#8217;s what precipitated it but it<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">19:30<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">is the underlying structural uh factors you know that had laid the<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">19:35<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">framework for these kinds of crises to emerge when countries become dependent<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">19:41<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">on imports for their basic survival and exports to gain the foreign exchange but<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">19:49<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">the moment that export uh production goes down or the revenue goes down then<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">19:56<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">the country is uh unable to buy its own um necessities so I think you have to<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">20:03<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">look at the roots of that and then really question the whole model of<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">20:10<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">globalization which is not to say that all of globalization is bad and that we should have autoarchy and that you know<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">20:17<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">it&#8217;s not completely going back to that but it&#8217;s a more of a balance between localized production and then global uh<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">20:27<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">uh interdependence and I think the food sovereignty issue is so critical with<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">20:33<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">regard to that and there are in fact um many groups uh talking about bio-<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">20:39<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">regionalism local agriculture you don&#8217;t really hear that much about it in<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">20:45<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">mainstream media but there are groups you know talking about more balanced approaches to economic development and<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">20:53<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">uh justice you spoke about food security um I think couple of years after the<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">21:00<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">crisis too we&#8217;ve been talking about um how essentials how there&#8217;s a shortage of<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">21:06<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">essentials at times but this really translates into lack of strategy here in<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">21:11<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Sri Lanka uh how can we move from um we&#8217;ve been talking about consistent<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">21:17<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">consistent policies uh governments to continue with certain policy decisions<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">21:22<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">that were taken by previous governments as well but regardless of that what do you suggest should be or propose should<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">21:29<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">be Sri Lanka&#8217;s uh direction in economic decision making and uh uh especially<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">21:36<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">when we talk whether whether it&#8217;s manufacturing whether we have to focus on exports really or agriculture<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">21:44<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">yeah I think it has to be a combination with priority being given to uh local<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">21:51<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">food self-sufficiency and local agriculture because agriculture is as you know is really weakening and a lot<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">21:58<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">of people are leaving farming and and around the world land is being taken<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">22:05<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">away from small farmers and being sold off to transnational corporations and<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">22:10<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">private interests for agri business and they don&#8217;t necessarily meet the local<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">22:15<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">food requirements because a lot of agri businesses uh provide for uh export<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">22:21<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">agriculture so there&#8217;s got to be very careful uh approach to uh land<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">22:29<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">commoditization because 80% of the land in Sri Lanka is still held by the state<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">22:35<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">and there has been an attempt to uh privatize this land give freehold rights<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">22:41<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">to the farmers now on the face of it it looks like a very good thing but if you look at the history and I&#8217;ve followed<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">22:48<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">this from starting from the colonial period uh there was an attempt to privatize land and make it a commodity<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">22:56<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">and that often led to the farmers the small holders losing control over the<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">23:02<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">land and external groups are taking control and their focus is not so much<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">23:10<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">self food self-sufficiency mhm so I think with this land alienation and<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">23:16<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">commoditization schemes that one has to be very careful and also the land like<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">23:22<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">the mineral resources the uh maritime resources are also being grabbed by<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">23:28<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">external interests not just in Sri Lanka but around the world and there are also strategic and security uh interests<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">23:35<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">behind that so I think that to prioritize local needs of survival and<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">23:44<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">creation of livelihoods which is also why people are leaving the country so where is the future if so many of the<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">23:51<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">young especially professionals are leaving the country uh that has to be<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">23:56<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">stopped or managed rather than encouraged uh because that that becomes<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">24:01<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">a part of the export of labor part of the export model uh I mean lots of<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">24:07<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">people have been working in the Middle East for decades and that is the primary<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">24:12<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">source of foreign exchange for Sri Lanka even now but that has had its costs in<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">24:18<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">terms of family community and yeah uh you spoke about external interests uh<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">24:25<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">this also brings us to foreign policy but before that do you think Sri Lanka is in a state of helplessness really uh<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">24:32<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">when it comes to managing these external parties especially uh major powers who<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">24:39<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">have interests in the country uh given our strategic and geopolitical location and also our strategic uh areas of<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">24:47<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">interest for these countries yeah sometimes it seems like Sri Lanka has become subservient to three masters not<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">24:56<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">just one but it&#8217;s a question of how does how does how is that turned around and<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">25:02<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Sri Lanka gets the benefits of this strategic location as well as all the resources and everything that the<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">25:08<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">country has to offer so I think that the foreign policy is really key in terms of<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">25:14<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">taking leadership in negotiation and balancing these different uh interests<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">25:21<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">and uh uh rather than become subservient<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">25:26<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">mhm uh when talking about uh the the population and our situation here uh<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">25:33<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">there is a stark um revelations about the rate of unemployment in the country<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">25:38<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">uh especially after the crisis but this also is a part of our remnants of the<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">25:43<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">challenges we faced postcoid a prolonged period of uh shutdown and we had the<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">25:49<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">informal sector uh going out of business and the tourism sector affected and this<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">25:56<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">impact had ripple effects on the economy but today tourism uh seems to uh be<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">26:02<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">booming or at least improving but is this sustainable have<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">26:07<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">we looked at sustainable or sustaining this kind of economic activity uh even<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">26:14<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">after we faced not just two crisis it was a triple blow on the economy<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">26:20<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">yes u tourism is booming but it&#8217;s a very fickle industry as you well know because<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">26:26<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">the moment there is a natural disaster or a political disaster tourist arrivals<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">26:32<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">go down and so some of the other export oriented sectors but the whole economic<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">26:38<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">model this uh capitalist model the especially the neoliberal model has been<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">26:43<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">built on export production over local production so that has to be questioned<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">26:51<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">uh in the world at large because it&#8217;s not a challenge that Sri Sri Lanka can<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">26:56<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">face alone but I think that uh given uh looming food crisis and so<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">27:04<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">on that it is important to uh put prioritize local production and<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">27:10<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">sustainability and then uh uh look at exports uh production so on and so forth<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">27:17<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">mhm uh so unemployment unemployment Yes yes it&#8217;s a really a very uh sad<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">27:24<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">situation that so many people are leaving the country especially young professionals<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">27:31<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">uh when it&#8217;s a country with so many resources and so much to offer and I myself is a product of the free<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">27:37<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">education system i was also at the university in Sri Lanka for a year so I<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">27:42<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">know that what a fine education system healthcare system we&#8217;ve had which were<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">27:47<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">also very important in terms of uh keeping population in the country and uh<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">27:54<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">also providing uh livelihoods and along with the demise or the weakening of<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">28:01<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">those sectors there&#8217;s also the weakening of production so that people don&#8217;t have<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">28:06<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">opportunities so rather than encouraging people to leave I think it&#8217;s important<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">28:12<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">to create job opportunities within the country uh even if it is maybe uh remote<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">28:19<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">work which has become very popular around the world do all these young professionals have to to go abroad can<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">28:27<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">they you know be in the country but you know still be connected to global<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">28:32<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">technology and uh uh productive activities mhm your book explores the<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">28:39<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">emergence of uh the crisis in the context of an accelerating geopolitical<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">28:44<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">conflict between China and the United States and today&#8217;s context I think uh<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">28:50<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">since the book was published there have been developments we spoke at the beginning of our discussion uh Donald<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">28:56<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Trump trade wars has has these trends changed in your view or has Sri Lanka um<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">29:03<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">maybe is Sri Lanka in the face of uh facing more severe crisis going forward<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">29:10<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">what what what are the uh signs and warnings you have well it seems that<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">29:15<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">it&#8217;s Sri Lanka is facing more severe crisis if you look at uh especially the<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">29:20<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">role of India and Indian intervention i mean India was very helpful during the<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">29:26<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">crisis in terms of making uh loans available and food supply and so on and<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">29:32<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">so forth but in return Sri Lanka has had to uh agree to much that uh India uh is<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">29:40<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">wanting in terms of uh control of the energy security sector uh and so on and<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">29:47<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">so forth so that&#8217;s u a very uh difficult one for Sri Lanka because India is<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">29:53<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">obviously the big neighbor and uh is very important to have good<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">29:58<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">relations but how can Sri Lanka sovereignty independence and freedom be<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">30:05<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">upheld in the process of these uh negotiations right I think it&#8217;s time we take a short<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">30:11<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">break here at Hide Park will return to talk about India South Asia and how Sri Lanka&#8217;s economy will remain resilient<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">30:18<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">throughout the next few years to look at long-term development for the country we are in conversation with Professor<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">30:24<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ashoka Bandar a scholar and academic specializing in a number of areas and<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">30:30<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">the author of two books including crisis in Sri Lanka and the world<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">30:35<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">[Music]<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">30:47<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">welcome back we&#8217;re in conversation with Professor Ashoka Bandar the author of<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">30:52<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">not just two books but five books crisis in Sri Lanka and the world uh<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">30:58<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">colonialism in Sri Lanka Sustainability and Well-being uh the separatist<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">31:03<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">conflict in Sri Lanka this was published in 2008 if I&#8217;m not mistaken women population and global crisis uh as I<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">31:11<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">said you specialize in a number of areas now I&#8217;d like to talk about conflict<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">31:16<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">analysis uh this also links to our uh conversation earlier about geopolitical<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">31:23<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">crisis etc but really in an era where we talking about u increased engagement of<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">31:29<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">countries in these crisis that that we believed a few decades ago will not is<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">31:35<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">not a future we will be seeing again in this uh across the world but here Sri<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">31:40<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Lanka uh the tiny land but yet um sensitive to these challenges we&#8217;re here<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">31:48<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">and we see a lot of extremist crisis uh extremist elements also playing uh a<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">31:53<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">major role in in the country post Easter Sunday attacks do you in your analysis<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">31:59<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">see that Sri Lanka has got the the strong structures and frameworks legal<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">32:04<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">framework especially to counter these emerging global threats from coming into<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">32:10<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">our shoes yeah great question um identity<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">32:17<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">politics uh has been weaponized not only in Sri Lanka but around the<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">32:23<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">world and divisions are manipulated and<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">32:28<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">created and this goes back to even the colonial period where I discuss the origins of the so-called ethnic conflict<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">32:36<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">and that takes attention away from the economic issue of a small elite<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">32:43<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">controlling resources uh and the livelihoods of the majority and people are pitted against each other<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">32:50<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">along ethnoreigious lines and now even along gender and sexuality lines and so<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">32:57<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">that&#8217;s become a part of uh uh the control of populations and I think that<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">33:05<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">people have to wake up to this reality<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">33:10<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">and recognize the commonality of their issues the necessity for environmental<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">33:18<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">uh protection and social protection so I think that<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">33:24<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">um also when there are economic crisis and poverty it said that 31% of the Sri<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">33:30<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Lankan population is now below the poverty line whereas in 2016 I think the<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">33:36<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">figure was something like 4% right and and this again is not just in Sri Lanka<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">33:42<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">when there is poverty and despair it&#8217;s easy to manipulate people so you can<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">33:48<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">have extremist ethnic and religious organizations manipulating people<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">33:55<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">uh and taking that attention away from the common economic issues to creating<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">34:04<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">miracles cures for example and this is very common uh and that&#8217;s also becomes a way of<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">34:11<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">survival for people of escapism some people commit more crime than others<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">34:19<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">take drugs some others are leed by these extremist movements so they it is<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">34:24<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">related to the economic questions and I think these are things which are very<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">34:30<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">difficult to legislate against and that&#8217;s why I think that there has to<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">34:36<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">be awakening education on the part of people and particularly those who are in more privileged positions the the<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">34:44<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">majority of people may not be in a position to really question they are trying to survive they&#8217;re trying to get<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">34:50<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">two meals per day send their children to school but there is still a class of<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">34:55<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">people not only in Sri Lanka but around the world who are more privileged who<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">35:01<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">can question and I think that their allegiances are very critical in terms<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">35:07<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">of the direction of the world where they put their energy because even in the US<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">35:13<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">as you know the society is so polarized now uh and that takes attention away from<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">35:21<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">the commonality of the experience and the fact whether it&#8217;s the Democrats or<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">35:27<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">the Republicans it is a handful of billionaires who are really controlling<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">35:33<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">uh the economy and who have the not only the economic power but the political<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">35:38<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">power and the the the control of technology surveillance so on and so<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">35:44<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">forth so I think that there has to be a sort of awakening on the part of people to these realities otherwise it&#8217;ll<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">35:51<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">become very difficult to curb these kinds of extremism but but there should<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">35:56<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">be some triggering point trigger also from ignorance to awakening where do<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">36:02<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">where do you think we figure that out you spoke about education but that&#8217;s also a vast subject um how do we narrow<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">36:09<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">this down where do we begin education this is this at school level university<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">36:15<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">level because we are also in a discussion whether the school curriculum should be amended to to um to also fit<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">36:23<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">the modern developments uh if you can give us some explanation on this yeah<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">36:30<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">this is really a v vast question i think we&#8217;ve come to the point in human<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">36:35<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">evolution where we have to question what does it mean to be human because on the<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">36:40<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">one hand we have sort of technological advancements in AI and biotechnology and<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">36:48<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">the attempt to create a transhuman species that is more connected to<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">36:53<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">technology than nature so I think it&#8217;s<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">36:58<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">the survival of humanity itself is at stake not just of other forms of biodiversity<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">37:05<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">so that uh is there a future for humanity and does<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">37:11<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">that call for fundamental transformation of consciousness and recognition of<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">37:18<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">ourselves as a species in nature and our connectedness to each other and other<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">37:23<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">life forms and that seems like very abstract and utopian that<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">37:31<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">we&#8217;ve come to the point of such technological advancements now of uh<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">37:39<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">discussion of computer brain interconnections that we have to stop<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">37:47<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">and question this extreme technological<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">37:52<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">advancement and talk more about h human development what does human development<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">37:59<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">mean is it simply technological advancement and economic growth or is there part of our human connectedness to<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">38:08<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">each other as a as a family as a species and our connectedness to other forms of<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">38:14<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">life that we need to preserve what does that call for so it the questions are at<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">38:19<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">a very fundamental level uh you speak about the philosophy to you<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">38:25<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">know how the human evolution uh this this trend we&#8217;re talking about AI to you<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">38:30<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">know uh industrial revolutions and then where do you think we&#8217;re going to go gen<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">38:36<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">alpha let&#8217;s talk about them yes you know they are increasingly<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">38:41<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">connected to technology and have difficulty with relating to each other and that has created uh<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">38:50<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">uh problems in terms of communication but even the education system is going<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">38:55<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">towards more uh technology use of technology so I think that we have to<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">39:03<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">question technology itself what kind of techn it&#8217;s not<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">39:09<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">uh against all kinds of technology but what kind of technology what what is it<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">39:14<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">that human beings need in order to survive because there&#8217;s got to be<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">39:19<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">controls in terms of techn technological advancement technology is also displacing populations in ter because it<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">39:26<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">said by 2030 onethird of the labor force would be<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">39:32<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">AI um so I think that whole model of<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">39:39<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">economic growth and capitalist development needs to be questioned<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">39:44<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">but will will the cycle return to some sort of normaly the the normal that we<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">39:49<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">talk about now not just relying on technology but to look within to go back<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">39:54<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">to our roots will that be a natural evolution at some point there is a discussion there is a discussion and<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">40:01<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">call for more balanced approaches to living uh how much do we need how much do we<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">40:08<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">need what is enough because the whole system is driven in a way by greed<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">40:14<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">there&#8217;s no control on the growth paradigm So that we&#8217;re talking about a paradigm<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">40:20<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">that puts planet and people before profit and there is a global discussion<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">40:28<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">but we don&#8217;t really hear that much uh about it in the mainstream discourse so<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">40:35<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">we have to really expand the global discussion and its relevance to Sri<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">40:43<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Lanka mhm uh you&#8217;ve uh you are a product of uh uh free education in Sri Lanka<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">40:50<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">you&#8217;ve traveled to the US uh you&#8217;ve uh lectured at some of the top universities<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">40:55<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">in the United States again uh contributed uh also to major institutions uh by way of your u<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">41:03<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">contributions in academic and scholarly uh articles and um essays but at the<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">41:09<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">same time uh how do we look back at our education system it&#8217;s the I I suppose<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">41:16<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">the system remains unchanged regardless of the years the decades we&#8217;ve passed uh the the same<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">41:23<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">kind of education you&#8217;ve seen uh back then continues to be taught to the<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">41:29<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">future as well so what kind of amendments changes do you propose<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">41:36<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">yeah that&#8217;s um it has to change with the times with the needs<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">41:43<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">um but it&#8217;s a very competitive education<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">41:49<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">system because the the global economy is very competitive<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">41:57<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">and the change has to come within the education system<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">42:05<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">to move people students towards a more balanced<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">42:10<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">way of living in the world so the education system has a role to play in imparting this more sustainable way of<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">42:18<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">living uh so it is key but here you find that some of the best teachers are the<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">42:24<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">tuition teachers why can&#8217;t they be teaching within the within the secondary<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">42:29<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">schools rather than you know outside in privatized uh uh institutions so there<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">42:36<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">is a fundamental changes that are needed which is not simply preparing the<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">42:42<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">students to pass their fifth uh exam i I forget what it&#8217;s called um<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">42:50<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">scholarship scholarship exams which you know very young children are under so much pressure to uh perform and it&#8217;s all<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">42:58<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">quantitatively driven uh and it is very difficult to change that because that&#8217;s<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">43:04<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">the nature of the global economic and social system that we are living in but having a conversation about that uh is a<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">43:13<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">starting point to really find a more balanced way of living in the world and<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">43:19<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">the state can actually have very important role to play there uh we we spoke about uh a few billionaires<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">43:27<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">controlling to the west and then the global south as well as our part of the<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">43:32<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">region you specialize in South Asia and write a lot um in the face of these<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">43:37<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">geopolitical um challenges and the security crisis especially when we talk<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">43:42<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">about the dynamics of the Indian Ocean region how do you think South Asia what is the missing link here uh of course<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">43:49<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">India Pakistan we&#8217;ve that&#8217;s an old story now but where do we begin to link this<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">43:55<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">region in order for all of our countries to benefit not just from the growth of India but also as a region to have each<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">44:03<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">other&#8217;s back is Sri Lanka uh possible as a link absolutely in<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">44:08<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">1971 there was a declaration to make the Indian Ocean uh zone of peace calling<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">44:15<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">for demilitarizati<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>SL Economic Crisis, Geopolitical Rivalry in the Indian Ocean, Human and Planetary Sustainability &#8211; Prof. Asoka Bandarage This episode of \u2018At HydePark with Indeewari Amuwatte\u2019 focuses on Sri Lanka\u2019s economic crisis, global financial dynamics, and the challenges of debt restructuring. Prof. Asoka Bandarage, author of &#8216;Crisis in Sri Lanka and the World&#8217;, highlights the ongoing [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":150793,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"aside","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[78333],"class_list":{"0":"post-150792","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-aside","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-articles","8":"tag-sl-economic-crisis","9":"post_format-post-format-aside"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.7.1 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>SL Economic Crisis, Geopolitical Rivalry in the Indian Ocean<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This episode of \u2018At HydePark with Indeewari Amuwatte\u2019 focuses on Sri Lanka\u2019s economic crisis, global financial dynamics, and the challenges\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"SL Economic Crisis, Geopolitical Rivalry in the Indian Ocean, Human and Planetary Sustainability - Prof. Asoka Bandarage\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This episode of \u2018At HydePark with Indeewari Amuwatte\u2019 focuses on Sri Lanka\u2019s economic crisis, global financial dynamics, and the challenges\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/sl-economic-crisis-geopolitical-rivalry-in-the-indian-ocean\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"eLanka\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/eLanka.com.au\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-03-20T19:06:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-03-20T19:06:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/SL-Economic-Crisis-eLanka-e1742486411731.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"417\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"eLanka admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"eLanka admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"29 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/sl-economic-crisis-geopolitical-rivalry-in-the-indian-ocean\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/sl-economic-crisis-geopolitical-rivalry-in-the-indian-ocean\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"eLanka admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/#\/schema\/person\/f6e635b74ab35ef88a68a9973cacc5bd\"},\"headline\":\"SL Economic Crisis, Geopolitical Rivalry in the Indian Ocean, Human and Planetary Sustainability &#8211; 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