{"id":153234,"date":"2025-05-22T16:20:23","date_gmt":"2025-05-22T16:20:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/?p=153234"},"modified":"2025-05-22T16:20:23","modified_gmt":"2025-05-22T16:20:23","slug":"is-it-appropriate-to-use-rice-as-feedstock-for-ethanol-production-in-india-by-n-s-venkataraman","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/is-it-appropriate-to-use-rice-as-feedstock-for-ethanol-production-in-india-by-n-s-venkataraman\/","title":{"rendered":"IS IT APPROPRIATE TO USE RICE AS FEEDSTOCK FOR ETHANOL PRODUCTION IN INDIA – By N.S.Venkataraman"},"content":{"rendered":"

IS IT APPROPRIATE TO USE RICE AS FEEDSTOCK FOR ETHANOL PRODUCTION IN INDIA – By N.S.Venkataraman<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

\"IS<\/p>\n

\"N.S.Venkataraman\"With the object of reducing import dependence on crude oil and as an eco friendly strategy, Government of India is\u00a0 implementing\u00a0\u00a0 plans to blend ethanol with petrol.\u00a0 This is an appropriate strategy. As of February, 28, 2025, India has \u00a0achieved 17.98 % ethanol blending rate under the ongoing ethanol supply year ( 2024-25 ). The country is now moving towards achieving 20% blending target milestone. This is a remarkable achievement .<\/span><\/p>\n

To achieve the\u00a0\u00a0 target of 25% ethanol blending , it is necessary to increase the production of ethanol in the country substantially.<\/span><\/p>\n

Feedstock for ethanol production :<\/u><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

In order to make ethanol available in adequate quantity, Government of India has initiated several proactive policies and has introduced incentive schemes.\u00a0 Number of new projects for production of ethanol are under implementation.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The sugar industry continues to be the backbone of the ethanol economy, as sugarcane molasses is the primary feedstock for the production of ethanol.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0To facilitate the production of ethanol in large quantity to meet the requirement of ethanol blending\u00a0 target and\u00a0 after \u00a0producing \u00a0almost the maximum quantity of\u00a0 ethanol that can be produced\u00a0 from sugarcane molasses available , \u00a0Government of India \u00a0has \u00a0permitted sugarcane juice, maize, biomass , grain, rice\u00a0 and others to be used \u00a0as feedstock\u00a0 for ethanol production.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Cost benefit scenario:<\/u><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

When food crop like maize is \u00a0allowed to be used for production of ethanol, the question arises as to whether ethanol making is the most profitable and beneficial way of utilising maize over other potential applications. Such decision has to be based on cost benefit analysis.<\/span><\/p>\n

Government of India \u00a0should not be carried away by the sole objective of ensuring ethanol availability for blending with petrol, without carefully examining the alternate applications of maize and the benefits . It appears that the government has\u00a0 not paid adequate attention to \u00a0the other options for utilising maize profitably and in tune with the country\u2019s needs , due to its\u00a0 tunnel vision for\u00a0 finding feedstock for ethanol production.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The critics may be justified in concluding that approach of government \u00a0to encourage use of maize as feedstock for production of ethanol is similar to\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0“biting\u00a0 the nose to spite the face\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Application potential of maize :<\/u><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Maize is a significant food crop in India, ranking as the third most important cereal after rice and wheat.\u00a0It\u00a0 is\u00a0 used as both \u00a0food and fodder crop.\u00a0Maize also serves as \u00a0raw material for various industrial and derivative products .<\/span><\/p>\n

There are several derivative products that can be produced from \u00a0maize , that are not presently produced in India and\u00a0 largely or \u00a0entirely imported. For example, citric acid and L-Lysine can be produced using maize as feedstock. Both these products are not presently produced in India\u00a0 and Indian requirement is entirely met by import. The present import of citric acid exceeds one lakh tonne per annum and import of L-Lysine\u00a0 exceeds 85,000 tonne per annum. The \u00a0domestic demand for both these products are \u00a0increasing at 6\u00a0 to 7% per annum. There are so many other maize based derivative \u00a0products \u00a0that are \u00a0presently not produced in India and \u00a0imported such as mannitol.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Present production of maize in India\u00a0 is 42 million tonne per annum and Government of India is targeting to increase the domestic production to 50 million tonne by the year 2030.<\/span><\/p>\n

Conversion of maize into value added products such as citric acid , L-Lysine would be far more remunerative than conversion of maize into ethanol . There is huge outflow of foreign exchange due to import of these products, \u00a0as they are not produced in India and the global price is also frequently fluctuating.<\/span><\/p>\n

In order to boost the production of ethanol from maize , Government of India \u00a0\u00a0is providing \u00a0incentive to fix attractive price\u00a0 for ethanol production by \u00a0distilleries.\u00a0 Government of India is spending substantial amount\u00a0 to provide this incentive.<\/span><\/p>\n

In January 2024, Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs) in India increased the procurement price of maize-based ethanol to\u00a0Rs 71.86 per liter, including a Rs 5.79 per liter incentive.\u00a0This move was a part of efforts to boost ethanol production from maize and meet the target of 20% ethanol blending in petrol by 2025.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rice as feedstock for production of ethanol \u2013Unacceptable in letter and spirit<\/u><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Rice is an essential food grain needed to prevent \u00a0hunger \u00a0and \u00a0to meet basic nutritional needs\u00a0 of people.\u00a0 Historically and traditionally, people have \u00a0emotional\u00a0 affinity to rice not only in India but in several other countries such as\u00a0 Japan, China, Thailand , Vietnam , Sri Lanka and others. Any shortage \u00a0scenario for \u00a0rice is bound to lead to social unrest .<\/span><\/p>\n

Recently, Japanese government has been forced to release\u00a0 three lakh tonne of rice\u00a0\u00a0 from its emergency reserves due to shortage of rice in the market ,\u00a0 in a bid to \u00a0\u00a0calm down\u00a0 growing public frustration about the scarcity in the availability \u00a0of rice. Public\u00a0 anger \u00a0has intensified in recent weeks in Japan due to non availability of rice in adequate quantity for all sections of people, with social media ,documenting incidents of rice theft from super markets and storage facilities.\u00a0 It is reported that the concerned minister in Japanese government has tendered his resignation due to the rice scarcity scenario in the country.<\/span><\/p>\n

As \u00a0rice is an essential food crop much needed by the people, the \u00a0\u00a0legitimate question arises as to whether it is appropriate to use rice as feedstock for the production of ethanol.\u00a0 Many people seem to \u00a0be of the view that such a decision amount to misuse of rice and is wrong in letter and spirit.\u00a0 . This is a calculated risk on social front and certainly not in tune with people\u2019s view on the importance of rice for human welfare.<\/span><\/p>\n

It is absolutely essential that rice should be optimally used for human consumption and \u00a0diverting rice for other use is unwise and amount to lack of understanding of the ground realities.<\/span><\/p>\n

Unmindful about the questions raised on the appropriateness of using rice , which is a food crop, as feedstock for the production of ethanol, , Government of India has\u00a0 now hiked the\u00a0 rice allocation\u00a0\u00a0 for ethanol to 52 lakh tonne\u00a0 for\u00a0 2024-25 ethanol supply year, which began in November, 2024.<\/span><\/p>\n

Assuming a conversion rate of 470 litres of ethanol produced per tonne of rice used as feedstock,\u00a0 alcohol\u00a0 distilleries can produce nearly 245 crore litre of ethanol from the 52 lakh tonne rice quota allotted to distilleries for ethanol production.<\/span><\/p>\n

What justification ?<\/u><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Government has not given any acceptable justification so far for using rice for production of ethanol ,except stating that allotment of rice for ethanol production is needed\u00a0\u00a0 to increase the production of ethanol.<\/span><\/p>\n

Perhaps, Government of India thinks that\u00a0\u00a0 it has comfortable stock of rice in the Food Corporation of India (FC I) \u00a0godown and can afford to use rice for any purpose\u00a0 other than for human consumption. As of May,15, 2025 , India is reported to have 38.19 million tonne of rice\u00a0 in storage, which is higher than the mandatory buffer norm of 13.54 million tonne.\u00a0 India\u00a0 has also unmilled paddy , which can yield 21.36 million tonne of rice.<\/span><\/p>\n

It is often reported that Food Corporation of India find it difficult to stock all the quantity of rice received by it due to inadequate storage capacity . Media reports also often appear about rice being stored in open areas exposed to rain and sun\u00a0 and damaging it.<\/span><\/p>\n

Is government of India planning to use damaged rice in FCI godown for production of \u00a0ethanol\u00a0 ?\u00a0 There is no such statements from government of India so far.<\/span><\/p>\n

In any case, if India has more rice production than what is needed by the country, then the right strategy would be to export rice to other countries\u00a0 ,that would strengthen the agricultural sector in India\u00a0\u00a0 and improve the farmers\u2019 income.<\/span><\/p>\n

When foreign exchange outflow\u00a0 due to import of crude oil\u00a0 is a matter of concern, then the solution is to improve the export earning in whatever way possible for the country.\u00a0 \u00a0Export of rice is one way.<\/span><\/p>\n

Government of India \u00a0does not seem to have firm and consistent export policy for rice. \u00a0\u00a0In 2023-24, Government of India imposed curbs\u00a0 on shipments of\u00a0 rice to other countries .\u00a0 However, \u00a0India has lifted all curbs on rice exports in October,2024, after its graneries were filled with rice.\u00a0 The only curb that remained was\u00a0 a ban on 100%\u00a0 broken rice , which was also lifted on March,7 this year.<\/span><\/p>\n

Other options<\/u><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

There are other options for reducing the import of crude oil in addition to ethanol blending.\u00a0\u00a0 While steps have been taken by government of India to boost the production of renewable energy, boost the production of electric vehicles and so on, the feasibility of increasing the production of ethanol by using alternate non food crop \u00a0feedstock\u00a0\u00a0 has to be given enough focus.<\/span><\/p>\n

Obviously, alternate feedstock for ethanol production is the algae crop, which can be grown in\u00a0 coastal areas\u00a0 and waste lands , does not need clean water and need only sun shine and carbon dioxide. \u00a0\u00a0From algae crop,\u00a0 biofuel can be produced , as algae crop species contain around 20% oil.\u00a0 From algae crop biomass , ethanol can be produced by fermentation.<\/span><\/p>\n

As algae crop does not come in conflict with the food crop, massive cultivation of algae all over India and use of algae biomass for production of ethanol is\u00a0 the most attractive opportunity for India.<\/span><\/p>\n

It is strange and surprising that such obvious advantage has not been considered\u00a0 by government of India \u00a0with the seriousness that it deserves.<\/span><\/p>\n

Is it short term planning \u00a0? :<\/u><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0India\u2019s population is now 140 crore and is still increasing. India has emerged as the most populated country the world with highest population density. As the present rate of population growth, it is estimated that India\u2019s population would increase to 190 crore in the next few decades.<\/span><\/p>\n

While India is registering steady economic and industrial growth , particularly in the last ten years, still\u00a0 substantial percentage of population live below poverty line and government of India is distributing rice free to lower income group in the country to sustain them.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

In such circumstances, allotting rice for\u00a0 the production of ethanol can be\u00a0 reasonably criticised as a counter productive and short term plan . In the unfortunate event of rice production falling due to any seasonal or other factors, government cannot afford to allot rice for ethanol production.<\/span><\/p>\n

Government of India should derive the right lessons from the present ongoing rice crisis in Japan and social unrest that it has caused.<\/span><\/p>\n

Right course for Government of India is to export the surplus rice. It is a fact that price of rice in the global market often fluctuates\u00a0 based on supply scenario.\u00a0 Agencies such as Food and Agricultural Organisation and the US department of Agriculture and the International Grains Council are estimating that\u00a0 global production of rice in 2024-25 season can be above 535 million tonne , which would be 10 million tonne higher than 2023-24 season. It could result in carry over stocks to the 25-26 season.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nevertheless, international trade of rice is vibrant and India should carve out a firm place for itself in the global rice \u00a0export market , instead of \u00a0\u00a0changing its export policy frequently.<\/span><\/p>\n

Diverting surplus rice for other purpose such as\u00a0 feedstock for ethanol production simply because India has\u00a0 surplus rice stock at present , amount to\u00a0 short term policy and knee jerk reaction.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Click here to receive your free copy of the eLanka Newsletter twice a week delivered directly\u00a0to\u00a0your\u00a0inbox!<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/span><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

IS IT APPROPRIATE TO USE RICE AS FEEDSTOCK FOR ETHANOL PRODUCTION IN INDIA – By N.S.Venkataraman With the object of reducing import dependence on crude oil and as an eco friendly strategy, Government of India is\u00a0 implementing\u00a0\u00a0 plans to blend ethanol with petrol.\u00a0 This is an appropriate strategy. As of February, 28, 2025, India has […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":153246,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"aside","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,76277],"tags":[79783,79780,79779,79777,79782,79778,79781,79784],"class_list":{"0":"post-153234","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-aside","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-articles","8":"category-n-s-venkataraman","9":"tag-ai-learning-process-illustration","10":"tag-ai-neural-network-diagram","11":"tag-ai-vs-deep-learning-chart","12":"tag-artificial-intelligence-infographic","13":"tag-deep-learning-concept-map","14":"tag-deep-learning-infographic","15":"tag-machine-learning-visualization","16":"tag-symbolic-ai-representation","17":"post_format-post-format-aside"},"yoast_head":"\nArtificial Intelligence infographic<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"IS IT APPROPRIATE TO USE RICE AS FEEDSTOCK FOR ETHANOL PRODUCTION IN INDIA - 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