{"id":66079,"date":"2021-06-02T17:22:41","date_gmt":"2021-06-02T17:22:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/?p=66079"},"modified":"2023-06-28T16:28:56","modified_gmt":"2023-06-28T16:28:56","slug":"know-your-covid-19-vaccines-before-the-jab-by-harold-gunatillake","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/know-your-covid-19-vaccines-before-the-jab-by-harold-gunatillake\/","title":{"rendered":"Know your COVID-19 vaccines before the jab-by  Harold Gunatillake"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 28px; color: #333399;\">Know your COVID-19 vaccines before the jab-<span style=\"color: #008000;\">by Harold Gunatillake<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-77916 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Harold-Gunethilake.jpg\" alt=\"Harold-Gunethilake\" width=\"160\" height=\"160\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/kVCxH48CMUc\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">Transcript:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\"><em>\u201cIn the race to build the world\u2019s first round. <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\"><em>of coronavirus vaccines, the spike protein\u2014<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\"><em>the thorny knobs that adorn each of the <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\"><em>pathogen\u2019s particles\u2014was our most valuable.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\"><em>\u00a0player. Spike is a key ingredient in virtually. <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\"><em>every one of our current pandemic-fighting <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\"><em>shots: it has been repeatedly billed as <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\"><em>essential for tickling out any immune response.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\"><em>\u00a0worth its salt. \u201cPeople put all their eggs in the <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\"><em>spike basket,\u201d Juliet Morrison, a virologist at <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\"><em>UC Riverside told me. And it undoubtedly paid off.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\"><em>Vaccine makers are looking beyond the <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\"><em>spike protein\u201d.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">As you are aware, Covid-19 is a respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">Rhinovirus, adenovirus, and human coronavirus infections usually affect your upper respiratory tract, while both SARS and COVID-19 infections affect the lower respiratory tract. So, these latter viruses can cause more symptoms and worse outcomes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">The COVID-19 vaccines approved so far are the Pfizer BioNTech, AstraZeneca, Moderna, Sinopharm-BBIBP, Johnson &amp; Johnson, being used as jabs in many countries.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">AstraZeneca vaccine is also sold under the brand names Vaxzevria and Covshield.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">Many people who have had COVID-19, the infections were thankfully mild and relatively brief without much side effects.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">The coronavirus has spikes on the surface. They are formed of a glycoprotein.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">There are three important protein spike sites in these viruses. No 1. The Receptor binding domain or RBD- the first attacking site of the body cells. The analogy here is think.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">of a lock and key. The key in the spike protein is made to open a specific lock in your body cell. The antibodies formed in the body is referred to as the RBD antibodies.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">N0 2. N-terminal domain (NTD)- the site the variants are developed. The antibodies formed for this site are called NTD antibodies.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">N0 3. S2 subunit- all antibodies seem to cover this site. This site is not mutable for variants like the NTD site which creates the mutants. Antibodies are formed for all these.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">three positions mentioned.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\"><strong>Now let us talk about antibodies formed in the body against the coronavirus protein spikes. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">These antibodies formed in our bodies against coronavirus is a tiny, Y shaped protein that is one of the body\u2019s premier weapons against pathogens including viruses.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">On the surface of the complex structure of the antibody is a spot on the tips of each of its floppy, Y shaped arms. These arms can stretch across a spot on the coronavirus spike, like a gripping hook onto a docking site on human cells. The antibodies are produced to a single spike glycoprotein found on coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2 the virus that causes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">COVID-19. The portion of the spike protein that attaches to the cells of our body is called the <strong>receptor-binding domain<\/strong> (RBD).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">This is the key and lock that was mentioned earlier. The antibodies are formed specifically to the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">So, the RBD is a critical component of the viral glycoprotein, and an important target to make the antibodies ineffective.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">Antibody formation is part of the immune response from infection of the past. They are proteins produced by the immune system in response to an infection.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">The first type of antibody the body produces is called IgM in response to the infection, and these are detected 4-7 days after infection. They signal the body that there is a new infection in the body.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">Then, IgG antibodies are formed 7-14 after the infection. These antibodies can last for years in your body depending upon the antigen. These are the key to lasting immunity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">We do not know how long the immunity last in the case of SARS-CoV-2 as it is a new virus.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">So far, the antibodies formed for the COVID vaccines targeted the specific portion of the single spike protein, the RBD as mentioned before.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">Researchers found that about 84 percent of the antibodies targeted the other sites of the spike proteins and not only the receptor binding domain, in patients who have had the COVID-19 infection.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">It also means that antibodies are formed covering these other protein spikes and not restricted to one protein spike.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">This is how the antibodies formed after the vaccinations against the corona virus can neutralize the variants that follow the original virus which attacks the body through its receptor binding domain or RBD.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">This is an important feature that gives protection against the variants.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">The researchers liken the spike protein to an umbrella, with the RBD at the tip of the \u201ccanopy.\u201d While some antibodies do bind RBD at the tip, many others apparently target the protein\u2019s canopy, known as the N-terminal domain (NTD).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">Researchers have found that many of the antibodies -about 84% targeted other portions of the spike protein, that is the N-terminal domains rather than targeting only one spike protein, and they are referred to as the NTD antibodies.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">It is the NTD antibodies that attacks the variants, fortunately, to control the infection from the variants.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\"><strong>Emerging mutants from SARS-CoV-2 Variants and NTD antibodies<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">It is the NTD spike proteins that creates the variants, and it is so in several emerging variants, including the B117 \u201cUK variant\u201d and B.1. 531 \u201cSouth African variant\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">40% of the circulating antibodies target yet another portion of the spike called the vS2 subunit.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">This segment of the virus does not seem as mutable as the NTD segment, and the S2 subunit may make an ideal target for possible pan-coronavirus vaccine since this portion of the spike is widely conserved in SARS-Cov-2 and related coronaviruses.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">So, the new vaccines against coronavirus produced target all parts of the spike protein rather than targeting RBD portion of the vaccine.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">These variants seem to evade the antibodies formed in our bodies for the single spike protein formed at the Receptor-binding domain (RBD).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">I have briefly described the antibodies formed for the COv2 SARS virus, and how the specific antibodies work against the virus, for better understanding of the jab you are waiting for.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #000000;\">Hope, this video talk was useful. Stay safe and goodbye for now.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Disclaimer:<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">The information contained in this article is for general information purposes only, and whilst the author will endeavour to keep the information up to date and correct, eLanka makes no representations or warranties of any kind, express or implied, about the completeness, accuracy, reliability, suitability or availability with respect to the eLanka website or the information, products, services, or related graphics contained in this article for any purpose. Any reliance you place on such information is therefore strictly at your own risk. In otherwords, eLanka In no event will we be liable for any loss or damage including without limitation, indirect or consequential loss or damage, or any loss or damage whatsoever arising from loss of data or profits arising out of, or in connection with, the use of this website \/ article. Also please note that through this website \/ web page articles you are able to link to other websites which are not under the control of eLanka and therefore we have no control over the nature, content and availability of those sites. The inclusion of any links does not necessarily imply a recommendation or endorse the views expressed within them<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Know your COVID-19 vaccines before the jab-by Harold Gunatillake &nbsp; &nbsp; Transcript: \u201cIn the race to build the world\u2019s first round. of coronavirus vaccines, the spike protein\u2014 the thorny knobs that adorn each of the pathogen\u2019s particles\u2014was our most valuable. \u00a0player. Spike is a key ingredient in virtually. every one of our current pandemic-fighting shots: [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":116942,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"aside","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,1103],"tags":[13619],"class_list":{"0":"post-66079","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-aside","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-articles","8":"category-dr-harold-gunatillake","9":"tag-covid-19","10":"post_format-post-format-aside"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.7.1 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Know your COVID-19 vaccines before the jab-by Harold Gunatillake<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u201cIn the race to build the world\u2019s first round.of coronavirus vaccines, the spike protein\u2014the thorny knobs that adorn each of thepathogen\u2019s\" 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