{"id":75894,"date":"2021-10-17T14:30:38","date_gmt":"2021-10-17T14:30:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/?p=75894"},"modified":"2023-07-02T06:32:44","modified_gmt":"2023-07-02T06:32:44","slug":"know-your-extracellular-fluid-and-its-importance-by-dr-harold-gunatillake","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/know-your-extracellular-fluid-and-its-importance-by-dr-harold-gunatillake\/","title":{"rendered":"Know your Extracellular fluid and its importance-By Dr Harold Gunatillake"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 24px; color: #000000;\">Know your Extracellular fluid and its importance-By Dr Harold Gunatillake<\/span><\/h1>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-77916 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Harold-Gunethilake.jpg\" alt=\"Harold-Gunethilake\" width=\"160\" height=\"160\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/QA_39xPpFOE\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\"><em>Transcript: The regulation of body fluids balance is the key to good health and wellbeing.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">The body is composed of a skeletal framework, muscles, organs all composed of cells with metabolic activities in them for healthy living.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">There is also a component referred to as the extracellular fluid that fills in the spaces in between the cellular component. In short this is the body fluid that is outside the cells. It is in your blood, in lymph, in body cavities lined with an inner lining such as the ventricles in brain, spinal cord and this fluid referred to as the cerebrospinal fluid.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">This fluid helps protect the brain and spinal cord by acting like cushion against sudden impact or injury and removes waste products from the brain and helps your central nervous system work properly.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">The extracellular fluid that surrounds the body cells, also referred to as interstitial fluid has a high concentration of sodium and low concentration of potassium, while in the intracellular fluid it is just the opposite.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Chloride attached to sodium forms the common salt that is the major contributor to the osmotic pressure gradient between the intracellular and extracellular fluid.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">When sodium intake exceeds sodium output by the kidneys, the total body sodium increases extracellular fluid volume. This can lead to accumulation of water and salt in the extracellular component and lead to swelling called edema.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Total body water in healthy adults is about 60% of the total body weight. Extracellular fluid makes up about one third of the body fluid. This fluid that surrounds the body cells is called interstitial fluid.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">The blood plasma is the other extracellular fluid in the circulatory system. It is a light amber liquid component of blood that is freed from blood cells but holds proteins and other constituents of whole blood in suspension. It is the intravascular part of the extracellular fluid outside the cells.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Interstitial fluid is the body fluid between blood vessels and cells, containing nutrients from capillaries and holding waste products discharged out of cells due to metabolism.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">The kidneys regulate the extracellular fluid volume by altering sodium excretion maintain adequate volume within the vascular system.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Health is not an unchanging situation but represents a fluid range of physical and emotional well-being continuously subjected to challenges, such as stress, worries, and infections. But the body has mechanisms to maintain a constant internal environment as described by the French scientist Claude Bernard called the milieu interieur. Maintenance of the internal environment is known as a homeostasis.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">What is tonicity of this fluid?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">This is the ability of the extracellular solution to make water move into or out of a body cell by osmosis &#8211; is known as its tonicity. This tonicity could be hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">When we give saline or glucose intravenously in the form of a drip to patients that liquid is isotonic in its tonicity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Extracellular fluid volume is the sum of the plasma volume and interstitial fluid volume, including lymphatic fluid in the lymphatic system.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\"><strong>What is the function of the extracellular fluid?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">It provides the medium for the exchange of substances between the extracellular fluid and the cells, and this can take place through dissolving, mixing, and transporting in the fluid medium.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">What happens because of fluid overload on tissues?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Each hour approximately 3 % of the blood volume leaves the blood vessels and enters the lymphatic system. This lymphatic fluid is then recaptured by the blood circulatory system where the lymphatic fluid enters the circulation through the thoracic duct on the left side of the upper chest cavity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Any fluid that leaks from the circulatory system at the capillary level is picked up by the lymphatic system. If the lymphatic fluid cannot enter the blood circulatory system through the thoracic duct mentioned earlier, then the fluid accumulates in the lymphatic system referred to as edema.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">This is due to tiny blood vessels in your body called capillaries leak fluid. The fluid builds up in the extracellular spaces. You could get mild edema of legs due to sitting or staying in one position for too long as in travel by plane.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Other causes of edema are venous insufficiency. Venous insufficiency is caused by high blood pressure in the leg veins over time due to sitting or standing for lengthy periods as mentioned earlier.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Lack of exercise, smoking and a blood clot in a deep vein, often in the calf or higher can cause edema of the legs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Why do the feet get swollen when fluid collects in the extracellular tissues?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">The major causes of feet edema could be due to low protein levels due to malnutrition, heart failure, kidney disease and liver disease.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\"><strong>Lymphoedema<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">This is a condition where there is damage to the regional lymph nodes or when removed surgically as in breast cancer with removal of axillary glands the arms can swell.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Chronic venous insufficiency in the legs. Blood travels from the lower limbs through the veins towards the heart. There are one-way valves in the veins to keep it from flowing back down. These valves can get damaged as you get older, or due to blood clots. In this situation your legs and feet can swell with edema.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">In heart failure, the heart does not pump blood like it should. If the blood isn\u2019t flowing well in the right direction, it can back up in your legs and feet and cause swelling. In such a situation doctors prescribe diuretics to get rid of the fluid through your kidneys and relieve the strain on your lungs and heart.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Swelling of feet and legs could occur in chronic kidney failure, as in diabetes or high blood pressure. In this situation too much sodium can be left in your blood.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Liver disease due to inflammation of the liver, or when drinking alcohol heavily can cause fibrous tissue accumulation in the liver and lead to a condition called cirrhosis. In the situation the veins connected to the liver can get congested and lead to a condition called portal hypertension. Fluid collects in your abdominal cavity referred to as ascites, legs, and feet.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Certain drugs can cause mild swelling of your legs, such as calcium channel blockers given for high blood pressure.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Others are nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs, long term usage of cortisone, pioglitazone and rosiglitazone given for diabetics.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Treatment for fluid retention include:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">a low-salt diet<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Diuretics (water pills)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Treatment for the underlying medical condition: for example, hormone replacement (thyroxine) in the case of hypothyroidism<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">lifestyle changes in response to the underlying medical condition: for example, avoidance of alcohol if liver disease is the cause<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Changes to medication or dosage if drugs are the cause<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Dietary adjustments if malnutrition is the cause<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Ongoing medical supervision<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Aids such as support stockings.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Get medical help if your feet are swollen, and you are short of breath or having chest pain.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">We are now emerging from a lockdown period of over 18 months and we need to take stock of the impact that period has had on our physical and mental well-being. Let us march forward slowly until we get that normal rhythm of life, we enjoyed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Hope this video talk was useful<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Stay safe and goodbye for now.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Disclaimer:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">The information contained in this article is for general information purposes only, and whilst the author will endeavour to keep the information up to date and correct, eLanka makes no representations or warranties of any kind, express or implied, about the completeness, accuracy, reliability, suitability or availability with respect to the eLanka website or the information, products, services, or related graphics contained in this article for any purpose. Any reliance you place on such information is therefore strictly at your own risk. In otherwords, eLanka In no event will we be liable for any loss or damage including without limitation, indirect or consequential loss or damage, or any loss or damage whatsoever arising from loss of data or profits arising out of, or in connection with, the use of this website \/ article. Also please note that through this website \/ web page articles you are able to link to other websites which are not under the control of eLanka and therefore we have no control over the nature, content and availability of those sites. The inclusion of any links does not necessarily imply a recommendation or endorse the views expressed within them<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Know your Extracellular fluid and its importance-By Dr Harold Gunatillake Transcript: The regulation of body fluids balance is the key to good health and wellbeing. The body is composed of a skeletal framework, muscles, organs all composed of cells with metabolic activities in them for healthy living. There is also a component referred to as [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":116942,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"aside","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,1103],"tags":[872],"class_list":{"0":"post-75894","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-aside","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-articles","8":"category-dr-harold-gunatillake","9":"tag-dr-harold-gunatillake","10":"post_format-post-format-aside"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.7.1 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Know your Extracellular fluid and its importance-By Dr Harold Gunatillake<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Transcript: The regulation of body fluids balance is the key to good health and wellbeing.The body is composed of a skeletal\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, 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