{"id":77996,"date":"2021-11-13T19:18:53","date_gmt":"2021-11-13T19:18:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/?p=77996"},"modified":"2021-11-13T19:18:53","modified_gmt":"2021-11-13T19:18:53","slug":"saga-of-the-takeover-of-kandy-seen-through-british-eyes-by-p-k-balachandran","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/saga-of-the-takeover-of-kandy-seen-through-british-eyes-by-p-k-balachandran\/","title":{"rendered":"Saga of the takeover of Kandy seen through British eyes-by P.K Balachandran"},"content":{"rendered":"

Saga of the takeover of Kandy seen through British eyes-by P.K Balachandran<\/span><\/h1>\n

\"Governor<\/p>\n

Source:<\/span><\/strong>Dailymirror<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Events leading to the controversial takeover of the Kandyan kingdom by the British in 1815 and the aftermath have\u00a0been written about both from the British and the Sri Lankan viewpoints. The British view is vividly presented in Ceylon Ancient and Modern published by Chapman and Hall of London in 1876. It is authored by an anonymous former officer of the Ceylon Rifles.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\nIn 1798, the Prime Minister of the Kandyan kingdom,\u00a0 Pilimatalavuva Maha Adikaram (or Pilame as he is referred to in the book) had placed on the throne of Kandy, Sri Wickrama Rajasinha, the 18 year old nephew of the wife of the deposed King Rajadhi Rajasinha. Pilame wanted to rule Kandy and replace the \u201cNaicker dynasty\u201d with an indigenous \u201cSinhalese\u201d with the help of the British; the latter who had replaced the Dutch as the European power in Ceylon in 1796.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

When Pilame conveyed his plan to Governor Fredrick North, the latter got excited at the prospect of turning Kandy into a British Protectorate. Kandy had been doggedly defying European attempts to subdue or absorb it. But North disapproved Pilame\u2019s proposal for a British attack on Kandy to put his puppet Mootoo Samey (Muthu Swamy) on the throne. North said he would not object if Pilame himself removed Sri Wickrama Rajasinha, and yet he wanted to protect the king! \u201cThe troops\u2019 presence in Kandy will be the only means of preserving the poor man\u2019s life and dignity, which otherwise will be sacrificed to the ambition of his minister,\u201d North wrote.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\nHe also wanted Sri Wickrama Rajasinha to formally agree to the stationing of British troops. And to talk about this, he sent Maj.Gen. Hay MacDowell backed by 2500 troops. But MacDowell was made to wait inordinately for an audience and had to kneel before the King. The annoyed General returned to Colombo. But Pilame would not give up. In 1802, to force the British to take punitive action against the king, he relieved some Moor merchants from the coast of their property and put the blame on the king. Gen. MacDowell proceeded to Kandy on a punitive mission. Sri Wickrama Rajasinha fled, but not before setting Kandy on fire. Pilame put Mootoo Samey on the throne and MacDowell left for Colombo leaving a small contingent of troops in Kandy under Major Davie. But the doughty Kandyans put back Wickrama Rajasinha on the throne.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Misadventure<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Thus thwarted, Pilame planned to kidnap Governor North during the talks they had at Dambedenia and also attack British garrisons. The timely arrival of Malay troops put paid to his plans. Nevertheless, Kandyans attacked the British troops, most of whom were too sick to fight. Maj.Davie surrendered Mootoo Samey and also his arms. The Kandyans \u201cmassacred\u201d all but Davie and Corporal Barnsley, who escaped.\u00a0 The massacre sparked calls for revenge. But North\u2019s plan to send the troops to Kandy did not fructify as the Madras Governor could not send the 3000 men he sought.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\nCommenting on the misadventure, the author of the book says: \u201cThe great fault of all those engaged in this terribly ill-managed Kandyan affair was placing any reliance on the word of an Asiatic, or entering into any negotiations or conventions with them, in which Europeans are sure to be foiled by their superior finesse and want of faith. In dealing with these people there is only one policy to be adopted, a bold, straightforward one, with a firm reliance on one\u2019 own right arm and a good display of\u00a0 physical force \u2013the only argument they understand, or at least are likely to attend to.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\nWhen North took up the massacres with Sri Wickrama Rajasinha, the latter blamed Pilame from whom, he said, he had long since withdrawn his confidence. North suspected that the king was being dismissive and dodgy because he was expecting assistance from the French Adm. Alexandre Durand Linois, who was harassing British shipping in the Indian Ocean.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cContinually disturbed by the plots and insurrections by his chiefs,\u201d Sri Wickrama Rajasinha became a \u201csanguinary despot.\u201d\u00a0 The crafty Pilame was found plotting to assassinate the king, who beheaded him in 1812. Pilame was succeeded as Adigar by his nephew Eheylapola (Ahalepola). But Eheylapola had inherited his uncle\u2019s disposition for plotting and secretly tried to get Governor Robert Brownrigg\u2019s aid for dethroning Sri Wickrama Rajasingha and assuming power himself. Brownrigg declined to help.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\nMeanwhile, the king had discovered Eheylapola\u2019s conspiracy. Eheylapola fled to Colombo. But \u201cthe tyrant (Sri Wickrama Rajasinha) wreaked his vengeance on his (Eheylaypola\u2019s) wife and family and everyone within his reach. The place of execution in Kandy flowed with blood and the neighbourhood echoed with the shrieks of the victims. Eheylapola\u2019s wife and four children and his brother and wife, were either beheaded or drowned, and the mothers were compelled, under the dread of being disgracefully tortured, to pound the decapitated heads of their children in a paddy pounder.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

As a consequence of this outrage, war was proclaimed against Sri Wickrama Rajasinha in January 1815. In a few weeks, Kandy was again in the possession of the British, thanks to the defection of the king\u2019s General Mollegodde ( Molligoda) and the gang up the principal chiefs against the king . The king, who was hiding, was found out by eheylapola\u2019s men and handed over to the British. Upon capture, a remorseful Sri Wickrama Rajasinha told the British: \u201cYour English governors have one advantage over us kings. They have counselors near them who never allow them to do anything in passion. But unfortunately for us the offender is dead before our resentment has subsided!\u201d In the eyes of the British, Sri Wickrama Rajasinha was \u201cnot unprepossessing in appearance, except when he was excited, when his eyes gleamed with the fire of a demon, and his face assumed an air or malignant cruelty.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ancient privileges guaranteed\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

In March 1815, the Kandyan Convention, by which the kingdom was handed over to the British by the chiefs, was signed. The chiefs were guaranteed their ancient privileges and powers, the impartial administration of justice and the maintenance and protection of Buddhism. However, according to eye witness Dr.Marshall, \u201cboth the chiefs and the people began to show signs of impatience and openly wished for the departure of the British from Kandy inquiring when they intended to leave the country.\u201d<\/span>
\nOne of the Kandyans told Marshall: \u201c You have deposed the king and now nothing more is required. You may leave us now.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThey showed no dislike to us individually, but as a nation they abhorred us; they made no complaint of misrule or oppression, simply wishing we should leave the country,\u201d Marshalls adds. These feelings broke out into an open revolt in 1817, secretly fomented by Eheylaypola, \u201cthe professed friend of England\u201d. By 1818, the revolt had spread like wild fire. A monk was made a claimant to the Kandy thrown and the tooth relic was taken out from the temple at Kandy and \u201cshown to the people to arouse their fanatical enthusiasm.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\nIn the 10-month desultory 1880 war, 1000 Indian soldiers fighting in the British army died, which was one fifth of the entire force deployed.\u00a0<\/span>
\n\u201cThe Kandyans never met their enemies openly, gave quarter or showed any mercy to those who fell into their hands, and the army imagined they would eventually be obliged to evacuate the country and fight their way out,\u201d an observer said.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\nEventually, the Kandyans submitted due to the destruction of their villages, cattle and crops and the loss of nearly 10,000 people due to famine, fever and war. Disunion had also emerged among the rebellious chiefs. Some submitted and others were executed. Peace was restored after the \u201caccidentally discovered\u201d Tooth Relic (Dalada) was reinstalled at its rightful place in Kandy.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Saga of the takeover of Kandy seen through British eyes-by P.K Balachandran Source:Dailymirror Events leading to the controversial takeover of the Kandyan kingdom by the British in 1815 and the aftermath have\u00a0been written about both from the British and the Sri Lankan viewpoints. The British view is vividly presented in Ceylon Ancient and Modern published […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":77997,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"aside","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[39135,39137,39136],"class_list":{"0":"post-77996","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-aside","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-articles","8":"tag-governor-fredrick-north","9":"tag-king-rajadhi-rajasinha","10":"tag-sri-wickrama-rajasinha","11":"post_format-post-format-aside"},"yoast_head":"\nSaga of the takeover of Kandy seen through British eyes-by P.K Balachandran<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Events leading to the controversial takeover of the Kandyan kingdom by the British in 1815 and the aftermath\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" 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