{"id":91359,"date":"2022-05-03T17:51:14","date_gmt":"2022-05-03T17:51:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/?p=91359"},"modified":"2022-05-03T21:26:03","modified_gmt":"2022-05-03T21:26:03","slug":"on-the-origin-of-languages-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/on-the-origin-of-languages-2\/","title":{"rendered":"On the origin of languages"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">On the origin of languages<\/h1>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-91360\" src=\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/On-the-origin-of-languages-e1651600090143.jpg\" alt=\"On the origin of languages\" width=\"600\" height=\"598\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #333399;\">Source:<\/span><\/strong><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/culture\/2022\/04\/22\/on-the-origin-of-languages\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Economist<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">In a church\u00a0hewn out of a mountainside, just over a thousand years or so ago, a monk was struggling with a passage in Latin. He did what others like him have done, writing the tricky bits in his own language between the lines of text and at the edges. What makes these marginalia more than marginal is that they are considered the first words ever written in Spanish.<u><\/u><u><\/u><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">The \u201cEmilian glosses\u201d were written at the monastery of Suso, which was founded by St Aemilianus (Mill\u00e1n, in Spanish) in the La Rioja region of Spain. Known as\u00a0la cuna del castellano, \u201cthe cradle of Castilian\u201d, it is a\u00a0unesco\u00a0world heritage site and a great tourist draw. In 1977 Spain celebrated 1,000 years of the Spanish language there.<u><\/u><u><\/u><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Everyone loves a superhero origin story. Spanish is now the world\u2019s third-biggest language, with over 500m speakers, and it all began with a monk scrawling on his homework. But as with the radioactive bite that put the Spider into Spider-Man, there is more than a little mythmaking going on here.<u><\/u><u><\/u><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">First, while \u201cCastilian\u201d and \u201cSpanish\u201d are synonymous for most Spanish-speakers, philologists argue that what the anonymous monk wrote is closer to the Aragonese than to the Castilian variety of Romance (the name for the range of dialects that continued their wayward development when Rome retreated from most of Europe after the fifth century\u00a0ad). In any case, the Suso monk\u2019s scribblings have been pipped by the discovery in nearby Burgos province of writings that may be two centuries older.<u><\/u><u><\/u><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Even those are not the origin of Spanish. The very idea treats languages like a person, with a name, birth date and birthplace. But languages are not like an individual. They are much more like a species, gradually diverging from another over many years. It would be as accurate to describe such jottings as degenerate Latin as it is to call them early Spanish\u2014but that would probably not draw as many tourists.<u><\/u><u><\/u><\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Most accurate would be to call the monk\u2019s prose an intermediate form: words like\u00a0sieculos\u00a0(centuries) in the text are almost perfectly halfway between Latin\u2019s\u00a0saecula\u00a0and modern Spanish\u2019s\u00a0sieglos. In its way, the church in which the glosses were written is a mirror of such evolution. It includes arches in Visigothic, Mozarabic (Moorish-influenced) and more recent styles, added as it was expanded. As many visitors to an ancient site find, it can be hard to date buildings in use for centuries. Little of the original remains; all is layers upon layers.<u><\/u><u><\/u><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">The desire to create heroic origins of languages is an urge to impose order on chaos. Students of other European languages are offered \u201cBeowulf\u201d or \u201cLa Chanson de Roland\u201d as the earliest exemplars of English or French, which gives the grand story a comprehensible beginning. But literature, by its nature, requires the language to exist before poems and epics could be written. Imagining that a piece of writing represents the beginning of a language is like thinking the first picture of a baby is the beginning of its life.<u><\/u><u><\/u><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">A better analogy is that the first written records of a language are like the first fossil traces of a distinct species. But even this should not be mistaken for the moment at which the species emerged. After all, the neat nodes on a palaeobiologist\u2019s tree of life are just simplifications of a messy continuum.<u><\/u><u><\/u><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">The urge to put dates on the founding of languages seems universal. Google \u201cBasque Europe\u2019s oldest language\u201d to see how many people think this language (which evolved gradually from some now-unknown ancestor) is somehow older than Spanish, though Basque has no clear birthday, either. By quite a coincidence, the first known words written in Old Basque\u2014just six of them\u2014also appear in the Emilian glosses, though the site makes much less of this fact. Or to take a more modern example, a book on American English called \u201cThe Forgotten Founding Father\u201d aims to give Noah Webster\u2019s modest early-19th-century reforms, such as respelling \u201ccenter\u201d, the heroic role humans seem destined to seek in the birth of their cultures.<u><\/u><u><\/u><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Legal entities like the United States of America really do have a birth date. But languages do not. American English, Castilian Spanish and all other products of slow, disorderly change do not lend themselves to neat origin stories. Remembering this is a good thing, reminding people of their membership in a common family. The need for stories of a glorious past is part of human nature, too. But like \u201cBeowulf\u201d or \u201cLa Chanson de Roland\u201d, these are often best seen as literature, not history.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On the origin of languages Source:Economist In a church\u00a0hewn out of a mountainside, just over a thousand years or so ago, a monk was struggling with a passage in Latin. He did what others like him have done, writing the tricky bits in his own language between the lines of text and at the edges. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":91360,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"aside","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[43700,43701,43699],"class_list":{"0":"post-91359","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-aside","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-articles","8":"tag-la-chanson-de-roland","9":"tag-on-the-origin-of-languages","10":"tag-st-aemilianus","11":"post_format-post-format-aside"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.7.1 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>On the origin of languages<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In a church\u00a0hewn out of a mountainside, just over a thousand years or so ago, a monk was struggling with a passage in Latin.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" 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