{"id":95601,"date":"2022-07-16T06:57:58","date_gmt":"2022-07-16T06:57:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/?p=95601"},"modified":"2022-07-16T06:57:58","modified_gmt":"2022-07-16T06:57:58","slug":"the-dutch-burghers-in-sri-lanka-today-by-michael-roberts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-dutch-burghers-in-sri-lanka-today-by-michael-roberts\/","title":{"rendered":"The Dutch Burghers in Sri Lanka Today-by Michael Roberts"},"content":{"rendered":"

The Dutch Burghers in Sri Lanka Today-by Michael Roberts<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\n

\"Michael<\/p>\n

Source:<\/span><\/strong>Thuppahis<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

PRABATH DE SILVA, IN\u00a0DAILY MIRROR<\/em>, 21 JANUARY 2021, WITH THIS TITLE \u201cTHE DUTCH BURGHERS IN SRI LANKA\u201d<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

\n

\"\"<\/a>\u00a0\u201cWE ARE A VANISHING TRIBE IN SRI LANKA. THE FIRST PATERNAL ANCESTOR OF MY FATHER\u2019S FAMILY WHO ARRIVED IN SRI LANKA IN 1774 WAS PIETER SCHARENGUIVEL. HE WAS A QUARTER MASTER IN THE SERVICE OF THE UNITED DUTCH EAST INDIA COMPANY WHICH RULED THE MARITIME PROVINCES OF SRI LANKA FROM THE MIDDLE OF THE 17TH CENTURY TO 1796. THE DUTCH BURGHER IDENTITY AND CONSCIOUSNESS WITHIN THE FAMILY I GREW UP IN WAS EXTREMELY SIGNIFICANT. IT PLAYED A ROLE\u00a0 IN THE CONVERSATIONS, TRADITIONS, CUSTOMS, FOOD, PERCEPTIONS AND SOCIAL INTERACTIONS. DURING THE BRITISH COLONIAL RULE, OUR COMMUNITY PRODUCED EMINENT SURGEONS, DOCTORS, LEGAL LUMINARIES, JUDGES, ENGINEERS, SPORTSMEN, MUSICIANS , HISTORIANS AND ARTISTS ETC.\u201d<\/em>\u00a0, SAID ANNE-MARIE SCHARENGUIVEL (65), A MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTANT AND\u00a0A MEMBER OF SRI LANKA\u2019S TINY\u00a0 DUTCH BURGHER COMMUNITY OF LESS THAN 30000 PEOPLE.<\/span><\/h4>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Mrs. Anne-Marie Scharenguivel<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

The people known as \u2018 Dutch Burghers \u2019 are descendants of the Europeans who arrived in Sri Lanka as servants of the United East India Company (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie- VOC)<\/strong>\u00a0which ruled Sri Lanka\u2019s maritime provinces from 1656 to 1796 or merchants and married native women or women who were children of mixed marriages between European men and native women.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sri Lanka\u2019s largest ethnic group is the Sinhalese, constituting 74.9% of the population of 21 million. The Sri Lankan Tamils are the largest ethnic minority group at 11.1% of the population. The Muslims are third at 9.3% and the Indian Tamils amounting for 4.1% of Sri Lanka\u2019s\u00a0 population. Smaller minority groups\u00a0\u00a0 include the Malays, Burghers, Chetties and the Veddahs. Malays are\u00a0 descendants of Malay settlers brought by the Dutch colonial rulers.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Colonial power<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

The Portuguese were the first European colonial power to arrive in Sri Lanka in 1505. Sri Lanka at the was ruled by the Kingdom of Kotte, Kingdom of Jaffna and the\u00a0 interior Kingdom of Kandy. Their presence in Sri Lanka\u2019s maritime provinces which began as\u00a0 an interaction of trade and commerce, later developed into a colonial rule in the\u00a0 maritime provinces.\u00a0 Admiral Joris van Spilbergen (1568-1629), the Dutch circumnavigator, who commanded the fleet of ships\u2019 Ram\u2019,\u00a0 \u2018Schaap\u2019, and \u2018Lam\u2019 belonging to the Dutch company named Balthazar de Moucheron (a trading company that had been in existence before the establishment of the United East India Company -VOC in March 1602 ), landed in Batticaloa in Sri Lanka\u2019s eastern coast in 1602. Van Spilbergen met King Vimaladharmasuriya I, the King of Kandy and negotiated the possibilities of trade in cinnamon and pepper and of providing military assistance to the King of Kandy to expel the Portuguese from the coastal regions of the Island. Van Spilbergen\u2019s visit was the first Dutch visit\u00a0 to the Island. Spilbergen\u2019s was followed by the visits of the fleets of Dutch ships commanded by the Dutch navigator, Sebald de Weert in November 1602, Jacob Cornelisz\u00a0 in 1603 and\u00a0 Marcellus de Boschouwer in 1612.<\/span><\/p>\n

The Treaty of 1638 between the Kingdom of Kandy and the United East India Company was signed by King Rajasinghe II for the Kingdom of Kandy and Adam Westerwold and William Jacobsz Coster representing the United East India Company (VOC). The treaty secured the terms under which the two nations would cooperate in defending the Kandyan Kingdom from the Portuguese. The writer vividly remembers visiting the Dutch State Archives in The Hague in 1985 accompanied by a Dutch Burgher lady friend (64 at that time) settled down in that city, to see one of the original copies of this treaty.\u00a0 My lady friend, whose father was a Ceylonese Dutch Burgher named Kriekenbeek, was able to translate the contents of the Treaty from Dutch to English; for me. I remember the courtesy extended to me\u00a0 by the Staff of the Dutch State Archives.<\/span><\/p>\n

The key points of the Treaty were (a) the Dutch should provide the King of Kandy with military and naval assistance to drive the Portuguese from the Island; (b) the Kandyan King should fully settle the military and naval\u00a0 expenditure incurred by the Dutch for onslaughts against the Portuguese by way\u00a0 of providing the Dutch with commodities such as cinnamon and\u00a0 pepper etc (c) the King of Kandy should grant the Dutch the monopoly of collecting spices and other commodities except elephants from the territories that constituted the Kingdom of Kandy; and (d) the Dutch should vacate the fortresses that would be captured from the Portuguese if the King would desire to take them over. Between 1640 and 1658 the Dutch completely expelled the Portuguese and ruled until 1796 when the British in turn replaced the Dutch and eventually took the whole island. The maritime\u00a0 provinces of Sri Lanka came under the rule of Dutch East India Company after its armies defeated the Portuguese. When the Kandyan King Rajasinghe II demanded the Dutch to vacate and hand over the captured Portuguese Fortresses and territories, the Dutch presented a bill of military and naval expenditure involved in the battles to oust the Portuguese and asked the King to settle the bill first. But Rajasinghe II who was unable to settle the bill, would say that the expenses were exaggerated. The Dutch maintained that they could hold the territories and fortresses captured from the Portuguese until the King Rajasinghe II and his successors would fully settle their bill of military and naval expenditure. This was the legal foundation upon which the Dutch justified their occupation of the maritime provinces. Later they formulated another legal argument. They argued that Rajasinghe\u2019s Treaty of 1638 with them was a nullity with regard to the Kingdom of Kotte as King Don Jao Dharmapala had gifted it the King of Portugal in 1591 and the Portuguese had acquired the sovereignty of the Kingdom of Jaffna by conquest by war 1621, and as such Rajasinghe II, the King of Kandy had legal status (locus standi) to sign a treaty claiming the sovereignty over former territories of the Kingdom of Kotte (south western coastal areas of Sri Lanka) and the Kingdom of Jaffna (northern coastal areas).After a war between the Kingdom of Kandy and the forces of the United East India Company, the dispute over the sovereignty of the maritime provinces was permanently settled by the Treaty of 1766, by which the King of Kandy conceded the territorial control of the western, southern, northern and eastern coastal areas to the Dutch.\u00a0\u00a0 The maritime provinces were ruled by the Dutch East India Company from 1656 to 1796.<\/span><\/p>\n

During their period a judicial system was introduced with the Roman-Dutch Law. The Roman-Dutch Law still remains to be the residuary common law in civil matters. A number of Dutch words have become naturalized in the Sinhalese language. Among many such words are: Kamaraya in Sinhalese is derived from the Dutch word \u2018Kamer\u2019 for the room, Kanthoruwa in Sinhalese for office is derived from the Dutch word \u2018Kantoor\u201d for office, \u2018 boodalaya\u2019 in Sinhalese is derived from the Dutch word \u2018Boedel\u2019 for the estate of a deceased person, \u2018Kakkussiya\u201d in Sinhalese for the lavatory is derived from the Dutch word\u2019 Kakhuis\u2019. Among other legacies of the Dutch rule are Dutch forts and a few buildings preserved for posterity. The Dutch Burgher community\u00a0 in Sri Lanka is a living legacy of the Dutch period. When native feudal Chiefs ceded the sovereignty of the interior native Kandyan Kingdom to the British Empire by the Kandyan Convention of 1815, the whole island came under the British rule.<\/span><\/p>\n

Town dweller<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

The word \u2018Burgher\u2019 is derived from the Dutch word \u2018Vrije\u00a0 Burgher \u2018, meaning \u2018free citizen\u2019 or \u2018town\u2019s dweller\u2019.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>The Burghers in Sri Lanka are an Eurasian community of mixed origin, whose first paternal ancestors were\u00a0 European colonists [ mainly from Portugal, The Netherlands and the UK ] who had married native Sinhalese or Tamil women. The Portuguese men who opted to remain in Sri Lanka had married native Sinhalese or Tamil. The children who were born in a marriage between the Portuguese colonists and native women in Portuguese colonies overseas\u00a0 were called Mesticos. The second and subsequent generations of Portuguese colonists who opted to remain in Sri Lanka preferred to marry the Mestico women and their second preference was the native women. The servants and soldiers of the Dutch East India were not only Dutch, but belonged to other European nationalities too including German and French Protestants known as Huguenots, Scandinavian and Italian. The servants and soldiers of the Dutch East India Company usually\u00a0 preferred to marry Mestico women. The descendants of the European servants of the Dutch East India Company and Mestico women and native\u00a0 women ( Sinhalese and Tamil) became known as \u2018Dutch Burghers\u2019. In order to be considered as a Dutch Burgher, one\u2019s father ought to have inherited an European family name from an European paternal ancestor who had come to Sri Lanka during the period Dutch East India Company ruled the maritime provinces of the Island. During the Dutch colonial period, the mother tongue or the lingua franca of the Dutch Burgher community in Sri Lanka was an Indo-Portuguese creole, though the Dutch Burghers later adopted English.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2018People in between\u2019<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Although many portray British rule here as \u2018exploitative\u2019, of our country, they ignore the vast economic, social and educational developments that facilitated the transition from feudalism to capitalism and a parliamentary democracy. The contemporary progressive political trends in Britain too influenced colonial rule here. The British empire was an extension of British capitalism to the colonies including Ceylon. Lenin in his book \u201cColonialism: The Advanced Stage of Capitalism\u201d presented a similar argument. Today, we beg for foreign investment. This is not a new phenomenon. During British colonial rule, British companies invested in the plantations and other sectors in Sri Lanka. The colonial government managed the economy with its own tax revenue without borrowing. The Dutch Burghers who were a sort of \u2018people in between\u2019 the west and the east were able to achieve eminent positions in the public service, medical profession, legal profession and judiciary during the British colonial period in Sri Lanka.<\/span><\/p>\n

Post-Independence Sri Lanka<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Sri Lanka gained independence from the British in 1948. Sri Lanka inherited from the British a democratic form of government based on the Westminster parliamentary model. Sri Lanka\u2019s first Prime Minister, D.S. Senanayake, a Sinhalese Buddhist,\u00a0 was a pragmatic leader who did not want to unsettle the ethnic harmony prevalent at the time. He and his political party the United National Party formed coalition governments with the major Tamil and Muslim parties. He and his two immediate successors, Dudley and Sir John Kotalawala after his death in 1952 refused to accede to the demands of the Sinhalese Buddhist nationalists for making Sinhalese the only official language replacing English, making Buddhism the State religion and for immediate take over of Christian denominational schools by the State.\u00a0 The Sinhalese Buddhist\u00a0 nationalists approached SWRD Bandaranaike, who had broken away from the United National Party and formed a new political party named Sri Lanka Freedom Party.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bandaranaike promised to implement all these demands of the Sinhalese Buddhist nationalists in the event his party secured power.\u00a0 One of the first things his government did was to enact an\u00a0 Official Language Act making Sinhalese, the only official language. The enactment of this piece of legislation deprived the English educated intelligentsia of Tamils,<\/span><\/p>\n

Dutch Burghers and Sinhalese of public sector jobs unless they passed an examination to prove their proficiency in Sinhala language. Bandaranaike, who began to experience the initial destructive consequences of his short sighted policies, could not live long to witness the long-term consequences of the whirlwind of communal tensions he set in motion through his unwise initiatives. In September 1959, Bandaranaike was assassinated.<\/span><\/p>\n

The enactment of Bandaranaike\u2019s \u2018Sinhala Only\u2019 and the events that followed drastically changed the political landscape of Sri Lanka. His Sri Lanka Freedom Party\u2019s rival\u00a0 United National Party\u2019s\u00a0 governments too pursued the same policies when in power,\u00a0 resulting in communal riots of 1958,1977 and 1983 disturbances and tensions culminating in a 30-year civil war.\u00a0 Only 51 Christian school out of hundreds of Christian schools could remain independent. Christians, particularly Catholics, considered the take over of\u00a0 their schools by the State a discriminatory blow. His widow elected to power again in 1970 with a two third majority in parliament severed the constitutional links with the British monarch as the ceremonial head of the state and abolished the right to appeal the decisions of the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom. Her government enacted a Republican constitution granting Buddhism the foremost place in the Sri Lankan State. History has shown that issues of race, caste, religion, language and blind political affiliations have always been exploited by our leaders. As a result the Dutch Burghers is one race which has experienced anxieties and insecurities of their future prospects.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Lessons from Singapore<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

From the beginning of British colonial rule, primary and secondary education in the Sinhalese and Tamil medium was free from the kindergarten to the Senior School Certificate level (equivalent to today\u2019s General Certificate of Education-Ordinary Level -in Grade 11). But the English medium schools constituting about 10 -15 percent of the schools in Sri Lanka charged\u00a0 fees. The best children educated in the native languages, namely Sinhalese or Tamil, could reach was the teaching profession or becoming notaries, village headmen or ayurvedic physicians. The better jobs and access to tertiary education and the learned professions of Law and western medicine, judicial positions were only to those who attended the fee levying English medium schools. The official language of the government was English till 1956.<\/span><\/p>\n

In 1928,the British Government appointed a Royal Commission headed by Lord Donoughmore to inquire into further reforms to the constitutions to meet Sri Lankan aspirations. The Donoughmore Commission which consisted of progressive British politicians of the day, was fully convinced that the grant of universal adult franchise should be introduced in order to enable the ordinary peasants to elect representatives of their choice in order to speak on their behalf in the legislature for better health, educational and infra-structure facilities . The Donoughmore Commission\u2019s recommendations were incorporated to a new constitution, promulgated in 1931. By this constitution universal adult franchise was granted to Sri Lankans to elect their own representatives to the legislature which became known as the State Council. In the newly elected legislature,\u00a0 a Board of Ministers was elected.\u00a0 The State Council appointed a\u00a0 Special Committee on Education headed by\u00a0 C.W.W .Kannangara which introduced the free education from the kindergarten to university level in 1942, also\u00a0 by a majority recommended that the medium of instruction in all schools should be the mother tongue in the primary classes. Having had the privilege of primary, secondary and tertiary education in English, he was one of the most persuasive advocates of native language education known as \u2018 Swabhasha\u2019 education. Sir Ivor Jennings records in his autobiography that the politicians\u2019 views prevailed on this policy over the educationists\u2019 opinions. Kannangara proposed that a child should receive education in his or her mother tongue and this triggered a debate in the Special Committee on what ought to be considered the mother tongue of a child. There were some Sinhalese and Tamil children whose mother tongue was English. According to Sir Ivor, the politicians including Kannangara, proposed a legal formula called \u2018racial or ethnic mother tongue\u2019.<\/span><\/p>\n

When it came to Muslims, Burghers and Malays, the Special Committee could not recommend applying this principle. If the legal formula of racial mother tongue was applied to these ethnic groups, the mother tongues of Muslim, Burgher and Malay children would respectively be Arabic, Portuguese\/ Dutch\/English and Malay. In order to overcome this difficulty, Muslims, Burghers and Malays were permitted to receive education in the English medium till the 1970s. Thereafter, the English medium education completely disappeared from the schools and the Dutch Burghers, Muslims and Mays were compelled to study either in Sinhala medium or Tamil medium in the national school system.\u00a0 The Kannangara Committees\u2019 recommendations were adopted after Independence. If English medium education was continued the Dutch Burghers and Tamils and\u00a0 educated Sinhalese would not have left the shores of Sri Lanka for more secure and greener pastures in the western countries.<\/span><\/p>\n

Within two years of the Free Education Ordinance as many as 44 Central Colleges were established, mainly in the rural areas. These schools initially taught rural children in the English medium and some rural children entered the University of Ceylon. However, the subsequent language policies adopted by successive governments deprived these rural children and others from established English medium schools the benefit of English medium education.<\/span><\/p>\n

When Singapore gained independence in 1965, only 10 percent of the schools in that country used English as the medium of instruction whilst 80 per cent taught in Chinese and the rest in either Tamil or Malay. Lee Kuan Yew did not abolish English medium education, but converted all non- English medium schools to English within a decade giving all Singaporean children, regardless of ethnicity, an equal opportunity to be taught in the English medium. He retained English as the working language of the country making English, Chinese, Tamil and Malay as official languages. Lee did this in a country where 80 percent of the population is ethnic Chinese. If Sri Lanka\u2019s post Independence leaders had adopted this policy, we would not have had ethnic conflicts, tension, communal riots. And also the Dutch Burghers and Tamils and\u00a0 educated Sinhalese would not have left the shores of Sri Lanka for more secure and greener pastures in the western countries.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dutch Burgher identity<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Frederick van Buuren.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

In an evening, after the sun set, I paid a visit to Frederick van Buuren (88) a Dutch Burgher\u00a0 who lives with four Dashen pet dogs in a small house at Mattegoda, a village in a suburb of Colombo.\u00a0 On my arrival, his four dogs started barking at me. Mr. van Buuren who welcomed me , said,\u00a0\u201c They won\u2019t bite\u201d<\/em>\u00a0. He told his dogs kindly,\u00a0\u201c Don\u2019t bark. He is a friend. \u201c<\/em>\u00a0After their barking subsided , I started my conversation with Mr.van Buuren.\u00a0 Said Mr.van Buuren,\u00a0\u201cMy first paternal Dutch ancestor was Willem Regenereus\u00a0 van Buuren.\u00a0 He married Anna Catherina Verwyk.The first European paternal ancestor of my\u00a0 mother\u2019s family, who arrived in Sri Lanka in 1772 was Daniel Meerwald. His hometown was\u00a0 Neusol in Hungary.\u00a0 I was an automobile technician. I studied at Wesley College, Colombo. There were only two Dutch Burghers in my class, myself and another child with the Dutch family name Van Twest. \u201c<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201c I was born in Trincomalee on 23rd September 1932 when my father worked at the Public Works Department as an engineer in that town.\u00a0 My Dutch Burgher identity and consciousness within the family I grew up in were very significant in the conversations, traditions, customs, perceptions ,moral,social ,religious\u00a0 political ideas. My father\u00a0 was very conservative,\u00a0 and he insisted that we should maintain our identity . At the Christmas table , we always\u00a0 had Dutch delicacies like\u00a0 Broeder and\u00a0 Poffertjes (Dutch Mini Pancakes) etc .We are a closed community. We moved only with the educated Sinhalese and Tamils. I was a Methodist. My wife ,Angela Jansz was a Catholic. A few months after my marriage ,I became Catholic by conviction.The Dutch Burghers have always\u00a0 politically been conservative and right wing. Only exception was Pieter Keuneman ,a Cambridge educated son of a Dutch Burgher Supreme Court Judge. Pieter Keuneman was the leader of country\u2019s communist party.\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

When asked what the major cause for migration of thousands of Dutch Burghers to Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom, \u00a0\u00a0Mr.van Buuren opined:\u00a0\u201c The exodus of Dutch Burghers to these western countries was due to Sinhalese language Only policy introduced by Prime Minister Bandaranaike in 1956 and the communal tensions that erupted in its aftermath.\u201d<\/em>\u00a0 Mr.van Buuren had migrated\u00a0 to Canada in 1966 with his Dutch Burgher wife Angela Jansz and three daughters. His wife passed\u00a0 away in 2006. \u00a0Said Mr.van Buuren,\u201d I obtained my duel citizenship in 2008. Since 2008, I have lived in Sri Lanka because\u00a0 I\u00a0 feel lonely in Canada but love the warm climate and the warmth\u00a0 of people here in Sri Lanka. I don\u2019t\u00a0 feel any discrimination\u00a0 in Sri Lanka on the basis of my Dutch Burgher identity. My Sinhalese neighbours treat me well\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Mrs. Anne-Marie Scharenguivel (65) when asked what she thought, had been the major grievance of the Dutch Burgher community in post-independence Sri Lanka, said :\u00a0\u201cOur major grievance has always been our inability to be educated in our mother tongue English as the medium of\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>instruction in the schools and the fact that all Govt departments function in Sinhala.<\/strong>\u00a0I was forced to educate my sons in International schools at great cost due to this. Sinhala is a language, not spoken anywhere in the world! Thankfully the English stream is being reintroduced in schools, but there are no proper teachers now competent to teach in English.\u201d<\/em>\u00a0 I asked Mrs. Scharenguivel\u00a0,\u201cWhen thousands of Dutch Burghers have migrated to Australia, Canada and the UK, why did\u00a0 your parents and you opted to live in Sri Lanka?<\/em>\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Mrs. Schrenguivel replied:\u00a0\u201cMy father was well established here as Deputy Chief Waterworks Engineer in the Waterworks Dept of the CMC. He later became the Head of the Waterworks Dept ( which was changed to the Water Board later) and also acting Municipal Commissioner. I never wanted to leave either, and neither do my sons! .\u00a0But now the future seems to be bleak for the Dutch Burgher community in particular and for the other ethnic minorities in Sri Lanka. This is the first time in our lives my sons and I have felt like immigrating\u201d<\/strong>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Mrs. Scharenguivel, a cradle Catholic ,is an old girl of St. Bridget\u2019s Convent, and \u00a0lives in Dehiwela, a suburb of Colombo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mrs. Doreen van der Hoeven<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Mrs. Doreen van der Hoeven (64) is a mother of two sons. She is a Dutch Burgher\u00a0 who lives in Kalutara.\u00a0\u201cMy father was a train guard in the Ceylon\u00a0 Government\u00a0 Railway.\u00a0 In those days, a lot of Dutch Burgher\u00a0 men worked in the\u00a0 Ceylon\u00a0 Government\u00a0 Railway,\u201d<\/em>\u00a0said Mrs. van der Hoeven. She added,\u00a0\u201c My mother is a Scharenguivel.\u00a0 My parents\u00a0 were Dutch Burghers. I was educated at Methodist\u00a0 College,\u00a0 Colombo. We are Methodists by religion.\u00a0 I became\u00a0 aware of my Dutch Burgher\u00a0 identity\u00a0 when I was a child. I used to ask my parents why we were different from others in language, family name and complexion.\u00a0 I\u00a0 am a nurse by profession. I still remember\u00a0 having Dutch Broedher\u00a0 on our family Christmas. Most of my Dutch Burgher\u00a0 cousins ,relatives and friends\u00a0 have migrated\u00a0 to Canada Australia\u00a0 and the United Kingdom.\u00a0 Our community\u00a0 was affected by\u00a0 the Sinhalese\u00a0 Only language . That was the reason for Dutch Burgher\u00a0 migration\u00a0 to\u00a0 Australia,\u00a0 Canada and the United Kingdom.\u201d<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Voices of the Young<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Miss Andriana Melder (23) is a Dutch Burgher lady. She holds a Bachelor of\u00a0 Laws degree\u00a0 from the\u00a0 University\u00a0 of\u00a0 London. She is\u00a0 now studying\u00a0 for the examinations\u00a0 of the Bar. Adriana\u00a0 is a Catholic\u00a0 and is an old pupil of Holy Family\u00a0 Convent, Colombo. She lives in Nugegoda.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>\u00a0M<\/strong><\/em>iss Andriana Melder<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201c My first paternal Dutch ancestor was Reverend Willem Melder who had come from Holland\u00a0 to serve as a minister of the Dutch Reformed Church of Sri Lanka (founded by the Dutch in 1642 and now known as Christian Reformed Church of Sri Lanka). He had married Madalena Petronella Perera. The initial ancestors of the Melder clan in Sri Lanka\u00a0 worked as Dutch Civil servants. At one point in my paternal family tree, my ancestors had become Catholic leaving their Protestant faith for some reasons. \u201d<\/em>\u00a0said Andriana Melder.<\/span><\/p>\n

Speaking of the significance of her\u00a0 Dutch Burgher identity, culture, religious and moral values , Andriana opined:\u00a0\u00a0\u201c My Dutch Burgher identity played a pivotal role in my upbringing. My father was very proud of this identity and heritage. He would often point out to old buildings and vast portions of land In Melder Place and Pietersz Place in Nugegoda. We were brought up to value our culture, the elders set the example by maintaining records and journals for the younger generations to refer to. There is no pressure as to marriage, sense of fashion or lifestyle. The freedom to make ones own choices has been ingrained even in our young minds. Education takes centre stage in our family as most of my ancestors are well educated and rounded individuals who have achieved much in their respective professions. The general perception among the other ethnic communities that most Dutch\u00a0 burgher youth lack morals and religious affiliation is profoundly untrue. The Dutch Burgher families value the familial aspect in their relationship with individuals. \u201c<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

When asked what in her opinion, have been the legitimate grievances of the Dutch Burgher\u00a0 community since the independence, Andriana said,\u00a0\u201c It\u00a0 is the lack of recognition even as a minority. The language and cultural barriers are pertinent to date as the lack of an inclusive system for all races is still present. The Dutch Burgher community as contributed much in terms of construction, law and the judicial system, religion, hybrid culture and cuisines. They are a unique community that has been underestimated. The post 1956 migration of many Burgher families from the island was a result of them not seeing a future for their children in the new Ceylon. Most migrated to Australia because Australians had a life style closer to theirs. Still, most of them even in diaspora still consider the island known to them as Ceylon, as their beloved home. We decided to remain in SL as my father was well established in his profession and because of my grandparents from both sides of the family. I would like to leave SL once I complete my studies as many of my friends and relatives are already abroad and seeing how their lifestyle seems much better and their future more promising, I too would like to migrate one day.\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Speaking of the future of the Dutch Burgher Community, Andriana said:\u00a0\u201c The Dutch\u00a0 Burgher community is dwindling at present with the vast increase in migration and inter marriages taking place. Further, with racist ideologies rising once more, the future for the minorities seem bleak. I have found the Dutch Burgher community to be rather close-knit, not least on account of the vast inter-connection between them, but also on account of the specificity that separates<\/em>\u00a0us<\/em>\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>\u00a0F<\/em>abian Schokman<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

My last interview for this article was with a Dutch Burgher youth named Fabian Schokman (24). Fabian is a graduate in Theology now reading for a Bachelor of Laws degree of the University of London. A Catholic by faith, Fabian is very outspoken.\u00a0\u201c My first paternal\u00a0 Dutch ancestor was Jan Arentsz Schokman who had come to Sri Lanka from Amsterdam in 1697\u2019<\/em>, said Fabian.<\/span><\/p>\n

When asked how significant was his Dutch Burgher identity and consciousness within the family Fabian said:\u00a0\u201cIt had a strong bearing on my upbringing, especially in terms of perceptions and to a greater level, openness to liberal ideologies. Tradition has always being a closely guarded and cherished part of my upbringing, especially by the elderly generation growing up.\u00a0 It varies starkly across a spectrum. Identity is a matter of self perception and this self perception would vary widely among a single family, multiple families that comprise of a unit and most certainly in the community in general. Of course the more traditional Dutch Burgher families are undeniably facing the extinction of cultural identity as assimilation means more and more of the individualistic aspects of the community are fading to give way to a more conforming cultural identity and the days of a monolinguistic starkly distinct community are fast fading, yet in a more general perspective,\u00a0 the community in my opinion, because of its considerably minute size faces a number of issues stemming from lack of political representation. I believe that one\u2019s identity is and should be a part of everyday life. As a lesser minority, even in the context of school and community in general, I have found the Dutch Burgher community to be rather close-knit, not least on account of the vast inter-connection between them, but also on account of the specificity that separates us. That being said, this identity is in no way antithetical to centrist Sri Lankan values\u201d.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0<\/em>Fabian seems to think that the future\u00a0 for the Dutch Burgher community in Sri Lanka seems less bleak than what other members of his community believe .<\/strong>\u00a0Fabian opined:\u00a0\u201cThe Dutch Burgher community has always had a spirit of endurance and survival imbued deep within itself and as a\u00a0\u00a0<\/em>result the community will survive, perhaps more intact than other lesser non-monogamous minorities. At present the community has found vast roles of prominence in the private sector and I particularly don\u2019t see a return to the age of civil service dominance, there is also a deep sense of pride and cultural revival in the younger generation and this does make the future seem less bleak, however in comparison to the larger minorities with considerable communal and political representation, a stable lineal prediction is difficult to project.\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Dutch Burghers in Sri Lanka Today-by Michael Roberts Source:Thuppahis PRABATH DE SILVA, IN\u00a0DAILY MIRROR, 21 JANUARY 2021, WITH THIS TITLE \u201cTHE DUTCH BURGHERS IN SRI LANKA\u201d \u00a0\u201cWE ARE A VANISHING TRIBE IN SRI LANKA. THE FIRST PATERNAL ANCESTOR OF MY FATHER\u2019S FAMILY WHO ARRIVED IN SRI LANKA IN 1774 WAS PIETER SCHARENGUIVEL. HE WAS […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":95607,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"aside","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,42710],"tags":[31952,45745,45744],"class_list":{"0":"post-95601","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-aside","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-articles","8":"category-michael-roberts","9":"tag-andriana-melder","10":"tag-doreen-van-der-hoeven","11":"tag-vereenigde-oostindische-compagnie","12":"post_format-post-format-aside"},"yoast_head":"\nThe Dutch Burghers in Sri Lanka Today-by Michael Roberts<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The people known as \u2018 Dutch Burghers \u2019 are descendants of the Europeans who arrived in Sri Lanka as servants of the United East India Company\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Dutch Burghers in Sri Lanka Today-by Michael Roberts\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The people known as \u2018 Dutch Burghers \u2019 are descendants of the Europeans who arrived in Sri Lanka as servants of the United East India Company\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-dutch-burghers-in-sri-lanka-today-by-michael-roberts\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"eLanka\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/eLanka.com.au\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-07-16T06:57:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/The-Dutch-Burghers-in-Sri-Lanka-Today-3.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"206\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"197\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"eLanka admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"eLanka admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"23 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-dutch-burghers-in-sri-lanka-today-by-michael-roberts\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-dutch-burghers-in-sri-lanka-today-by-michael-roberts\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"eLanka admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/#\/schema\/person\/f6e635b74ab35ef88a68a9973cacc5bd\"},\"headline\":\"The Dutch Burghers in Sri Lanka Today-by Michael Roberts\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-07-16T06:57:58+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-dutch-burghers-in-sri-lanka-today-by-michael-roberts\/\"},\"wordCount\":4834,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-dutch-burghers-in-sri-lanka-today-by-michael-roberts\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/The-Dutch-Burghers-in-Sri-Lanka-Today-3.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Andriana Melder\",\"Doreen van der Hoeven\",\"Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Articles\",\"Michael Roberts\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-dutch-burghers-in-sri-lanka-today-by-michael-roberts\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-dutch-burghers-in-sri-lanka-today-by-michael-roberts\/\",\"name\":\"The Dutch Burghers in Sri Lanka Today-by Michael Roberts\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-dutch-burghers-in-sri-lanka-today-by-michael-roberts\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-dutch-burghers-in-sri-lanka-today-by-michael-roberts\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/The-Dutch-Burghers-in-Sri-Lanka-Today-3.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-07-16T06:57:58+00:00\",\"description\":\"The people known as \u2018 Dutch Burghers \u2019 are descendants of the Europeans who arrived in Sri Lanka as servants of the United East India Company\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-dutch-burghers-in-sri-lanka-today-by-michael-roberts\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-dutch-burghers-in-sri-lanka-today-by-michael-roberts\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-dutch-burghers-in-sri-lanka-today-by-michael-roberts\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/The-Dutch-Burghers-in-Sri-Lanka-Today-3.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/The-Dutch-Burghers-in-Sri-Lanka-Today-3.jpg\",\"width\":206,\"height\":197},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-dutch-burghers-in-sri-lanka-today-by-michael-roberts\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Articles\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/category\/articles\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"The Dutch Burghers in Sri Lanka Today-by Michael Roberts\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/\",\"name\":\"eLanka\",\"description\":\"eLanka - Sri lanka events in Australia\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/#organization\",\"name\":\"eLanka\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/elanka-logo.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/elanka-logo.jpg\",\"width\":192,\"height\":82,\"caption\":\"eLanka\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/eLanka.com.au\/\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/elanka\/\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/SriLankanDownUnder\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/#\/schema\/person\/f6e635b74ab35ef88a68a9973cacc5bd\",\"name\":\"eLanka admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/2e0d346a7f97b80e861cdeafe7b7de523b59f5060666f1a5da8369457bf9b6c3?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/2e0d346a7f97b80e861cdeafe7b7de523b59f5060666f1a5da8369457bf9b6c3?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"eLanka admin\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/author\/elanka\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"The Dutch Burghers in Sri Lanka Today-by Michael Roberts","description":"The people known as \u2018 Dutch Burghers \u2019 are descendants of the Europeans who arrived in Sri Lanka as servants of the United East India Company","robots":{"index":"noindex","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"The Dutch Burghers in Sri Lanka Today-by Michael Roberts","og_description":"The people known as \u2018 Dutch Burghers \u2019 are descendants of the Europeans who arrived in Sri Lanka as servants of the United East India Company","og_url":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-dutch-burghers-in-sri-lanka-today-by-michael-roberts\/","og_site_name":"eLanka","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/eLanka.com.au\/","article_published_time":"2022-07-16T06:57:58+00:00","og_image":[{"width":206,"height":197,"url":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/The-Dutch-Burghers-in-Sri-Lanka-Today-3.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"eLanka admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"eLanka admin","Est. reading time":"23 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-dutch-burghers-in-sri-lanka-today-by-michael-roberts\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-dutch-burghers-in-sri-lanka-today-by-michael-roberts\/"},"author":{"name":"eLanka admin","@id":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/#\/schema\/person\/f6e635b74ab35ef88a68a9973cacc5bd"},"headline":"The Dutch Burghers in Sri Lanka Today-by Michael Roberts","datePublished":"2022-07-16T06:57:58+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-dutch-burghers-in-sri-lanka-today-by-michael-roberts\/"},"wordCount":4834,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-dutch-burghers-in-sri-lanka-today-by-michael-roberts\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/The-Dutch-Burghers-in-Sri-Lanka-Today-3.jpg","keywords":["Andriana Melder","Doreen van der Hoeven","Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie"],"articleSection":["Articles","Michael Roberts"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-dutch-burghers-in-sri-lanka-today-by-michael-roberts\/","url":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-dutch-burghers-in-sri-lanka-today-by-michael-roberts\/","name":"The Dutch Burghers in Sri Lanka Today-by Michael Roberts","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-dutch-burghers-in-sri-lanka-today-by-michael-roberts\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-dutch-burghers-in-sri-lanka-today-by-michael-roberts\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/The-Dutch-Burghers-in-Sri-Lanka-Today-3.jpg","datePublished":"2022-07-16T06:57:58+00:00","description":"The people known as \u2018 Dutch Burghers \u2019 are descendants of the Europeans who arrived in Sri Lanka as servants of the United East India Company","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-dutch-burghers-in-sri-lanka-today-by-michael-roberts\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-dutch-burghers-in-sri-lanka-today-by-michael-roberts\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-dutch-burghers-in-sri-lanka-today-by-michael-roberts\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/The-Dutch-Burghers-in-Sri-Lanka-Today-3.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/The-Dutch-Burghers-in-Sri-Lanka-Today-3.jpg","width":206,"height":197},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/the-dutch-burghers-in-sri-lanka-today-by-michael-roberts\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Articles","item":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/category\/articles\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"The Dutch Burghers in Sri Lanka Today-by Michael Roberts"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/#website","url":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/","name":"eLanka","description":"eLanka - Sri lanka events in Australia","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/#organization","name":"eLanka","url":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/elanka-logo.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/elanka-logo.jpg","width":192,"height":82,"caption":"eLanka"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/eLanka.com.au\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/elanka\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/SriLankanDownUnder"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/#\/schema\/person\/f6e635b74ab35ef88a68a9973cacc5bd","name":"eLanka admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/2e0d346a7f97b80e861cdeafe7b7de523b59f5060666f1a5da8369457bf9b6c3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/2e0d346a7f97b80e861cdeafe7b7de523b59f5060666f1a5da8369457bf9b6c3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"eLanka admin"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew"],"url":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/author\/elanka\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95601","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=95601"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95601\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":95608,"href":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95601\/revisions\/95608"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/95607"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=95601"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=95601"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=95601"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}