{"id":95657,"date":"2022-07-16T18:23:41","date_gmt":"2022-07-16T18:23:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/?p=95657"},"modified":"2022-07-16T18:23:41","modified_gmt":"2022-07-16T18:23:41","slug":"portuguese-creole-in-sri-lanka-faint-traces-remnants-by-michael-roberts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/portuguese-creole-in-sri-lanka-faint-traces-remnants-by-michael-roberts\/","title":{"rendered":"Portuguese Creole in Sri Lanka: Faint Traces &#038; Remnants-by Michael Roberts"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 24px; color: #000000;\">Portuguese Creole in Sri Lanka: Faint Traces &amp; Remnants-<span style=\"color: #800080;\">by Michael Roberts<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-95658\" src=\"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Portuguese-Creole-in-Sri-Lanka.jpg\" alt=\"Portuguese Creole in Sri Lanka\" width=\"452\" height=\"175\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #800080;\">Source:<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\" href=\"https:\/\/thuppahis.com\/2022\/05\/23\/portuguese-creole-in-sri-lanka-faint-traces-remnants\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Thuppahis<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Dr Hugo Cardoso, a linguist from the University of Lisbon and his team who have been researching this historical language spoken in the East of Sri Lanka have now taken to social media to preserve this fast fading heritage.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Trinco resident Vyvonne Joseph,\u00a0 grew up speaking\u00a0<strong>Sri Lankan Portuguese Creole\u00a0<\/strong>(<strong>SLPC)<\/strong>\u00a0with her parents, younger sister and younger brother. Even though their use of SLPC is somewhat limited as it is only spoken at home and with extended family, Vyvonne says that even their Tamil neighbours have picked up a little SLPC over the years, and speak it to them.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\"><strong>Although few are aware of the existence of this language, SLPC is spoken by the Portuguese Burghers in Sri Lanka<\/strong>. When the Portuguese colonised the maritime areas of Sri Lanka, this language was formed in the contact among Portuguese, Sinhalese and Tamil people, and it was an important lingua franca, a language used to bridge communication gaps between speakers whose native languages are different.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">SLPC is spoken in many parts of Batticaloa and Trincomalee, including places with a large concentration of Burghers, such as Dutch Bar, Sinna Uppodai, and Palayuttu, and other areas of the Eastern province such as Akkaraipattu, Kalmunai, Valaichchenai and Eravur too.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Like many other Creole languages across the world, SLPC, or \u2018Ceylon Portuguese\u2019 as it was referred to in the early days, was often thought of as a \u201ccorrupted\u201d version of Portuguese and described as \u201cbroken Portuguese\u201d or \u201clower Portuguese.\u201d\u00a0 But until the British arrived on the island at the end of the 18th century, Ceylon Portuguese, now known as Sri Lankan Portuguese, was a prominent language and the mother tongue of the Burgher communities.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thuppahis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/unnamed-12.jpg?ssl=1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-62064 jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thuppahis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/unnamed-12.jpg?resize=500%2C439&amp;ssl=1\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thuppahis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/unnamed-12.jpg?w=500&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thuppahis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/unnamed-12.jpg?resize=300%2C263&amp;ssl=1 300w\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"439\" data-attachment-id=\"62064\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/thuppahis.com\/2022\/05\/23\/portuguese-creole-in-sri-lanka-faint-traces-remnants\/unnamed-12\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thuppahis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/unnamed-12.jpg?fit=500%2C439&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"500,439\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"unnamed (12)\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thuppahis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/unnamed-12.jpg?fit=300%2C263&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thuppahis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/unnamed-12.jpg?fit=500%2C439&amp;ssl=1\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\"><strong>In 2015,<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0<strong>Dr Hugo Cardoso, a linguist from the Centre for Linguistics at the University of Lisbon in Portugal visited the Eastern Province to conduct research on Sri Lankan Portuguese.\u00a0<\/strong>During his first visit to Trincomalee, Batticaloa and Kalmunai, he collected several hours of recordings, and the information paved the way for him in 2017 to conduct a project titled, \u2018Documentation of Sri Lankan Portuguese\u2019 funded by the Endangered Languages Documentation Programme of The School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) in London.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_483178\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\"><strong><em><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thuppahis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/unnamed-13.jpg?ssl=1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-62061 jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thuppahis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/unnamed-13.jpg?resize=500%2C250&amp;ssl=1\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thuppahis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/unnamed-13.jpg?w=500&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thuppahis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/unnamed-13.jpg?resize=300%2C150&amp;ssl=1 300w\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"250\" data-attachment-id=\"62061\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/thuppahis.com\/2022\/05\/23\/portuguese-creole-in-sri-lanka-faint-traces-remnants\/unnamed-13-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thuppahis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/unnamed-13.jpg?fit=500%2C250&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"500,250\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"unnamed (13)\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thuppahis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/unnamed-13.jpg?fit=300%2C150&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thuppahis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/unnamed-13.jpg?fit=500%2C250&amp;ssl=1\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/><\/a>Dr Hugo Cardoso (left) with his team of researchers \u2013 Rui Pereira, Mahesh Radhakrishnan and Patricia Costa<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">\u201cThe earliest analyses of SLPC were done in the 19th and early 20th centuries, and they consisted of a few dictionaries. There were even periodicals in Ceylon Portuguese and also collections of oral traditions. This scholarship was only resumed in the 1970s, when modern fieldwork-based research began focusing on the language. Ian R. Smith\u2019s thesis, published in 1978, was an important milestone in SLPC studies and his research surveyed the Creole-speaking people of the Batticaloa area,\u201d Dr Cardoso said.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">He added that modern linguists consider SLPC an important Creole in Asia because historically, it was a widely-spoken Portuguese-based Creole in Asia and the one with the most written records.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">\u201cFrom an academic and linguistic perspective, SLPC is interesting because its grammar has been greatly influenced by Tamil. In the process, it developed linguistic characteristics that are relatively rare in Creole languages. Even after the Portuguese colonisers left, SLPC still flourished across the country until at least the mid-19th century,\u201d Dr Cardoso said.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_483179\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thuppahis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/unnamed-14.jpg?ssl=1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-62062 jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thuppahis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/unnamed-14.jpg?resize=210%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 210px) 100vw, 210px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thuppahis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/unnamed-14.jpg?resize=210%2C300&amp;ssl=1 210w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thuppahis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/unnamed-14.jpg?w=300&amp;ssl=1 300w\" alt=\"\" width=\"210\" height=\"300\" data-attachment-id=\"62062\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/thuppahis.com\/2022\/05\/23\/portuguese-creole-in-sri-lanka-faint-traces-remnants\/unnamed-14-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thuppahis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/unnamed-14.jpg?fit=300%2C429&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"300,429\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"unnamed (14)\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thuppahis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/unnamed-14.jpg?fit=210%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thuppahis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/unnamed-14.jpg?fit=300%2C429&amp;ssl=1\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\"><em><strong>Three generations of SLPC speakers: Gladwin Derrick Keil with his mother Casilda Keil and grandmother Sabina Jacobson<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Although SLPC is on the decline, Dr Cardoso and his team were determined to assist the community\u2019s efforts to preserve the language and other aspects of Portuguese Burgher culture such as music and dance.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">\u201cThe major output of the now completed \u2018Documentation of Sri Lankan Portuguese\u2019 project is the collection on the Endangered Languages Archive, which contains audio and video recordings with transcriptions or annotations, plus other materials the team collected\u2014including archival sources\u2014and some of their publications,\u201d Dr Cardoso said.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">The project concluded in 2019, but Dr Cardoso\u2019s team still continues to do research on SLPC. One of his students Patr\u00edcia Costa is doing her PhD on the endangered language. Patricia and Vyvonne have also taken to social media such as Instagram and Facebook to teach people words and phrases in SLPC through online content such as graphics and short video clips.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Gladwin Derrick Keil, another SLPC speaker met Patricia on her visit to the East a few years ago. A resident of Orrs Hill in Trincomalee and a theology student at the Lanka Bible College in Kandy, Derrick has spoken SLPC with his family since he was a child.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">\u201cAt home we do not speak any other language \u2013 it is mostly SLPC. We also speak it with some of the other Burghers in the area. Unfortunately, all Burghers do not speak SLPC. Some do not know the value of the language, and have not taught it to their children and grandchildren,\u201d said Derrick.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">\u201cOur main aim was rather simple: we wanted to create and share open-access, digital and engaging resources including vocabulary, useful phrases and expressions, texts, and aspects of grammar, to assist those interested in learning and\/or finding out more about this endangered language. We also hoped the project could also benefit proficient speakers, encouraging them to use the language more often, both in spoken and written form, in face-to-face conversations and on the internet,\u201d said Patr\u00edcia who is currently a PhD candidate in Linguistics at the University of Lisbon and was a research assistant for the \u201cDocumentation of Sri Lankan Portuguese\u201d project.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_483180\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thuppahis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/unnamed-15.jpg?ssl=1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-62063 jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thuppahis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/unnamed-15.jpg?resize=175%2C205&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"175\" height=\"205\" data-attachment-id=\"62063\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/thuppahis.com\/2022\/05\/23\/portuguese-creole-in-sri-lanka-faint-traces-remnants\/unnamed-15-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thuppahis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/unnamed-15.jpg?fit=175%2C205&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"175,205\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;Copyright 2021. All rights reserved.&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"unnamed (15)\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thuppahis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/unnamed-15.jpg?fit=175%2C205&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thuppahis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/unnamed-15.jpg?fit=175%2C205&amp;ssl=1\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\"><strong><em>Vyvonne Joseph<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">\u201cWe mainly focus on providing content on Sri Lanka Portuguese vocabulary and grammar usually translated into Tamil and\/or English and accompanied by audio, but occasionally we also share posts about language endangerment and other relevant topics. We try to cover simple and useful vocabulary and sentences and we also try to integrate materials related to current affairs\u2014for example, COVID-19,\u201d Patricia added.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">The content is curated and designed by Patricia, using open-source and free illustration libraries and software. Vyvonne is mainly responsible for providing words, phrases and audio recordings and for assessing the overall accuracy of the materials.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">\u201cBefore Dr Cardoso and his team began the \u201cdocumentation of Sri Lanka Portuguese\u201d project, only the Burghers in Trinco knew about SLPC. But now other people also know about the language,\u201d Vyvonne said.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">Vyvonne dedicates her time to the social media project, and is happy with the feedback it is getting online. \u201cThis project is just our small contribution to much-needed efforts to preserve and revitalise SLPC. We hope we can expand it, providing more educational materials and eventually set up a website where we can host our content in a way that users can interact more easily\u2013either by searching for a particular word or topic or by providing suggestions of new or alternative words,\u201d Patricia adds.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">The reception for the project has been positive within the Portuguese Burgher community and beyond, Patricia says. \u201cSometimes we get feedback and people are always very enthusiastic and willing to follow our next steps. We are looking forward to continuing to develop this idea and to empower SLPC and its speakers along the way.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<table border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\"><strong>Remembering Fr. Dalgado<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #000000;\">On April 4, the University of Lisbon marked the 100th death anniversary of Sebasti\u00e3o Rodolfo Dalgado,\u00a0<strong>an Indo-Portuguese Catholic priest, academic, university professor, theologian and linguist who was one of Goa\u2019s leading scholars at the turn in the late 19th centur<\/strong>y, by organising a two-day conference to commemorate Fr. Dalgado. Fr. Dalgado also spent time in Sri Lanka (then Ceylon) as Vicar General, and published a full-length monograph on Ceylon Portuguese (SLPC). He even wrote his own sermons in that language during his time in Ceylon, Dr Hugh Cardoso said.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Portuguese Creole in Sri Lanka: Faint Traces &amp; Remnants-by Michael Roberts Source:Thuppahis Dr Hugo Cardoso, a linguist from the University of Lisbon and his team who have been researching this historical language spoken in the East of Sri Lanka have now taken to social media to preserve this fast fading heritage. Trinco resident Vyvonne Joseph,\u00a0 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":95658,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"aside","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,42710],"tags":[45775,45776],"class_list":{"0":"post-95657","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-aside","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-articles","8":"category-michael-roberts","9":"tag-dr-hugo-cardoso","10":"tag-sri-lankan-portuguese-creole","11":"post_format-post-format-aside"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.7.1 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Portuguese Creole in Sri Lanka: Faint Traces &amp; Remnants-by Michael Roberts<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Dr Hugo Cardoso, a linguist from the University of Lisbon and his team who have been researching this historical language spoken\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Portuguese Creole in Sri Lanka: Faint Traces &amp; 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