{"id":99865,"date":"2022-09-19T03:23:36","date_gmt":"2022-09-19T03:23:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/?p=99865"},"modified":"2022-09-19T03:24:47","modified_gmt":"2022-09-19T03:24:47","slug":"irrepressible-julia-margaret-cameron-at-peace-in-bogawantalawa-by-george-braine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/websitedesigns.com.au\/elankanew\/irrepressible-julia-margaret-cameron-at-peace-in-bogawantalawa-by-george-braine\/","title":{"rendered":"Irrepressible Julia Margaret Cameron, at peace in Bogawantalawa – By GEORGE BRAINE"},"content":{"rendered":"

Irrepressible Julia Margaret Cameron, at peace in Bogawantalawa – By GEORGE BRAINE<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

\"Julia<\/p>\n

\"GeorgeSome years ago, my sister, BIL, and I drove to the Dickoya area, visiting Anglican churches and graveyards looking for evidence of our ancestors. At the quaint St. Mary\u2019s church at Bogawantalawa, we found the grave my grand uncle, Frank Wyndham Becher Braine, who had died on March 9, 1879, at only 11 months. We may have been the first family members to visit his grave in more than a hundred years.<\/span><\/p>\n

That graveyard is also the resting place of a husband and wife, Charles Hay and Julia Margaret Cameron. Julia, during and after her lifetime, has been described as \u201cindefatigable\u201d, \u201ca centripetal force\u201d, \u201ca bully\u201d, \u201cqueenly\u201d, \u201ca one-woman empire\u201d, \u201cinfernal\u201d, \u201chot to handle\u201d, \u201comnipresent\u201d, \u201ca tigress\u201d. She was \u201cimpatient and restive\u201d, for whom \u201ca single lifetime wasn\u2019t enough\u201d. Who was this remarkable Victorian?<\/span><\/p>\n

Julia was born in Calcutta, in 1815, one of seven daughters of James Pattle of the Indian Civil Service. They belonged to the Anglo-Indian upper class, and were all sent to France – their mother Adeline Marie was of the French aristocracy – for their education. The sisters were well accomplished and known for their \u201ccharm, wit, and beauty\u201d, and \u201cunconventional behavior and dress\u201d: they conversed among themselves in Hindustani, even in England. They served curry. They all married well, four spouses being fellow Anglo-Indians in the civil service and military.<\/span><\/p>\n

Julia lived at various times in England, France, back in India, South Africa, in India again, on the Isle of Wight, and finally in Ceylon. Travel to Cape Town in 1835 was for her health, after recovering from serious illnesses. Charles Hay Cameron, a distinguished legal scholar from Calcutta, was also in Cape Town, perhaps after a severe bout of malaria. They met, and married back in Calcutta in 1838. Charles was twenty years her senior. Together, they raised 11 children, five of their own and the rest adopted.<\/span><\/p>\n

Julia\u2019s introduction to London\u2019s artistic and cultural milieu came in 1845, at her sister Sara Prinsep\u2019s residence in Kensington. Sara conducted a salon at home, where poets, artists, writers and philosophers such as Tennyson, Rossetti, the Brownings, Longfellow, Trollope, Darwin, Thackeray, Henry Taylor, du Maurier and Leighton were regular attendees. Julia\u2019s \u201chero worship\u201d of these luminaries began at that time.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cDimbola\u201d<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

In 1860, the Camerons moved to the Isle of Wight, to a home named \u201cDimbola\u201d, obviously after Dimbula in Ceylon, where Charles Cameron had invested in vast coffee and rubber plantations. He had served on the Colebrooke-Cameron Commission (appointed in 1833) to assess the administration of Ceylon and make recommendations for administrative, financial, economic, and judicial reform. The poet Henry Taylor wrote that Charles had \u201ca passionate love for the island [and] he never ceased to yearn after the island as his place of abode\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Incidentally, an English planter named Herbert Brett, known to my family, named his British home \u201cYakvilla\u201d. He had once been the manager of Yakwila Estate, near Pannala in the NWP.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cDimbola\u201d had been purchased because it was next door to Tennyson\u2019s home, and a private gate connected the two properties. Better known as Alfred, Lord Tennyson, he had become Britain\u2019s Poet Laureate by then. Julia and the poet addressed each other by their first names. When he refused to be vaccinated against smallpox, Julia supposedly went to his home and yelled at him: \u201cYou\u2019re a coward, Alfred, a coward!\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Soon, the Cameron and Tennyson families began entertaining well-known visitors to the Poet Laureate with music, poetry readings, and amateur plays, creating an artistic ambience similar to that seen earlier at Sara Princep\u2019s home in Kensington. in keeping with Julia\u2019s personality, the activities could be indefatigable. \u201cMrs. Cameron seemed to be omnipresent\u2014organising happy things, summoning one person and another, ordering all the day and long into the night, for of an evening came impromptu plays and waltzes in the wooden ballroom, and young partners dancing under the stars\u201d, wrote Anne Thackeray, the novelist\u2019s daughter. Even Julia\u2019s generosity could be overwhelming. Henry Taylor expressed this best: \u201cshe keeps showering upon us her \u2018barbaric pearls and gold,\u2019\u2014India shawls, turquoise bracelets, inlaid portfolios, ivory elephants\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Photography<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

A turning point in Julia\u2019s life came in 1863, when she was already 48. Charles was in Ceylon, and Julia was bored. A daughter gifted her a camera to keep her \u201camused\u201d. A clumsy affair in those early days of photography, it consisted of two wooden boxes, bound in brass, one of which slid inside the other, with a single focus lens. The timber tripod was unwieldy. Images were recorded on a heavy, rectangular glass plate measuring 11 x 9 inches.<\/span><\/p>\n

Julia took to photography with her usual energy and enthusiasm, converting a chicken coop to a studio. If the camera was clumsy, the process of photo development was even more complicated and challenging, with the use of chemicals \u2013 collodion, silver nitrate, potassium cyanide, gold chloride (even egg white was used) \u2013 and the need to work quickly. Julia\u2019s hands and clothes are said to have become black and brown with the chemicals. The process was riven with trial and error.<\/span><\/p>\n

Julia managed to coerce illustrious visitors to Tennyson\u2019s home to pose for her. They included Longfellow, Trollope, Darwin, John Herschel, Robert Browning, the painter George Watts, Thackeray, Carlyle, and Lewis Carrol, and Tennyson, of course. Her photograph of Tennyson is shown on this page. The men were photographed in pensive moods, intended to capture their \u201cgenius\u201d. She also photographed women for their beauty, and children as \u201cinnocent, kind, and noble\u201d, a prevailing Victorian notion.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"JuliaPosing for a portrait was no easy task: the subject had to be within eight feet of the camera, and had to remain still for around 10 minutes. Julia chose not to use head supports. Here is a vivid description of a photographic session with Julia: \u201cThe studio, I remember, was very untidy and very uncomfortable. Mrs. Cameron put a crown on my head and posed me as the heroic queen. \u2026 The exposure began. A minute went over and I felt as if I must scream, another minute and the sensation was as if my eyes were coming out of my head \u2026 a fifth\u2014but here I utterly broke down \u2026\u201d No wonder Tennyson called Julia\u2019s sitters \u201cvictims\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Showing sound business acumen, Julia copyrighted, published, exhibited and marketed her work. Harper\u2019s Weekly<\/em>, writing on a London exhibition in 1870, noted that \u201cmany art critics to go into raptures over [Julia\u2019s] work as something beyond the range of ordinary photographic achievement\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

For the sake of brevity, I have focused on her portraits. She also photographed individuals and groups of people depicting allegories, religion, and literature; illustrations for Tennyson\u2019s Idylls of the King<\/em> being especially noteworthy.\u00a0 In Ceylon, her subjects were mainly ordinary people and plantation workers. Her career wasn\u2019t long \u2013 only 12 years \u2013 and despite criticism of her work for technical imperfections and the numerous challenges she faced, Julia produced about 900 photographs. An incredible feat.<\/span><\/p>\n

To Ceylon<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

From the early 1840s, Charles had bought up sprawling extents of land at Ceylon at bargain prices, and the 1850s and 60s were the best years for coffee. But, in addition to being absentee landlords, the Camerons faced other problems: extremes of weather, a shortage of labor, transporting the coffee to Colombo on poor roads, incompetent managers, and the devastating coffee blight.<\/span><\/p>\n

Charles was in poor health – \u201creceiving visitors in his bedroom or walking about the garden reciting Homer and Virgil\u201d – and had not worked since 1848, and the expenses of supporting a large family and their lifestyle at \u201cDimbola\u201d had forced the Camerons to borrow heavily. In 1864, Charles admitted to being virtually \u201cpenniless\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Charles was keen to move to Ceylon, but Julia was not. Attempting to change her mind, he wrote her a moving, lyrical description of his \u201cSwiss cottage\u201d bungalow and the surrounding plantations in Ceylon. In Ceylon, the cost of living would be cheaper, and he was confident that his health would improve.\u00a0 Later, Julia wrote that Charles\u2019 passion for his Ceylon properties had \u201cweakened his love for England\u201d. Lord Overstone, their main creditor, was pressuring them to sell Rathoongodde (Rahathungoda), their plantation in the Deltota area managed by son Ewen.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Finally, Julia gave in, partly because four of their sons were already in Ceylon. Charles\u2019 health is said to have magically improved. In 1875, when she was 60 years old and Charles was 80, they left \u201cDimbola\u201d for Ceylon, taking a maid, a cow, Julia\u2019s photographic equipment, and two coffins, packed with china and glass. Henry Taylor noted that they had departed for Ceylon \u201cto live and die\u201d there, and that Charles had \u201cnever ceased to yearn after the island as his place of abode\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Their son, Hardinge, the Governor\u2019s private secretary, owned a bungalow on the river at Kalutara, on the western coast. Julia and Charles divided their time in Ceylon between Kalutara and their plantations in the hill country. Julia soon fell under Ceylon\u2019s spell, writing that \u201cthe glorious beauty of the scenery \u2014 the primitive simplicity of the inhabitants & the charms of the climate all make me love Ceylon more and more\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

When the botanical painter Marianne North visited the Camerons at Kalutara, Julia went into a \u201cfever of excitement\u201d at having found an European subject. She dressed North up \u201cin flowing draperies of cashmere wool\u201d (despite the intense heat), with \u201cspiky coconut branches running into [her] head\u201d to be photographed. A remarkable photo taken by Julia shows North standing at her easel on the spacious verandah of the Kalutara house, with a bare-bodied \u201cnative\u201d holding a clay pot over his shoulder.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"JuliaJulia must have been busy during this period, because North noted that \u201cthe walls of the room were covered with magnificent photographs; others were tumbling about the tables, chairs, and floors\u201d. But, only about 30 photographs from Julia\u2019s Ceylon period have survived. The architect Ismeth Raheem, who has conducted extensive research on Julia, has stated that some photographs given to the Colombo Museum appear to be lost. No surprise there.<\/span><\/p>\n

After a six month visit to England, Julia developed a dangerous chill (pneumonia?) upon her return to Ceylon. She died on 26 January 1879 at Glencairn Estate. Charles and four of her sons were with her. Her coffin was drawn by white bulls and also carried by plantation workers to St. Mary\u2019s.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Back to the Braines<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

My great, great grandfather, Charles Joseph Braine, arrived in Ceylon in 1862, as the manager of Ceylon Company, which I believe is the predecessor of Ceylon Tea Plantations Company. By 1880, he is listed as the first owner of Abbotsleigh Estate in Hatton. (In contrast with Charles Cameron and Herbert Brett, who named their homes in England after plantations in Ceylon, Charles Joseph named his plantation in Ceylon after his property, Abbotsleigh, in England.)<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"The Camerons arrived in Ceylon in 1875. British planters, away from home and often stationed in remote plantations, socialized mainly at two locations: their clubs, and at church. I have no doubt that Charles Joseph Braine and the Camerons had met at the club, perhaps even during Charles\u2019 previous visits to his plantations, and at church.<\/span><\/p>\n

St. Mary\u2019s Church, Bogawantalawa, was dedicated in 1877. Although Charles Cameron wasn\u2019t religious and did not attend church, Julia did, traveling perhaps on horseback or bullock cart like the families of fellow planters. The Camerons gifted three stained glass windows to St. Mary\u2019s, and that is obviously where Julia worshipped and wished to be buried.<\/span><\/p>\n

Charles Joseph\u2019s son, Charles Frederick Braine (my great grandfather) arrived in Ceylon in 1869, at 19 years of age, six years before the Camerons did, and worked at Meddecombra Estate in the Dimbula area. Later, he was the manager of the vast Wanarajah Estate. He, too, may have met Charles and later Julia Cameron. Braine must have worshipped at St. Mary\u2019s, because, as I stated at the beginning of this article, his infant son was buried at St. Mary\u2019s churchyard in March, 1879, only two months after Julia was buried there.<\/span><\/p>\n

My grandfather, Charles Stanley, was born in Ceylon in 1874, and, as a child, is likely have met the Camerons, or at least Julia, at church. He had an angelic appearance in early photographs, and I like to imagine Julia tousling his hair! Hence, although no records exist, three generations of my ancestors are likely to have been acquainted with the Camerons, and perhaps worshipped alongside her at St. Mary\u2019s.<\/span><\/p>\n

The legacy of the Camerons<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Julia Margaret Cameron is acknowledged now as one of the most important portraitists of the 19th century. Her work has been exhibited in important galleries and museums in the UK, the USA, Japan, and elsewhere. The photographer Stephen White, who calls Julia a \u201crevered figure\u201d in the history of photography, wrote in 2020 that an album of Julia\u2019s photographs was valued at \u00a33 million. Each of her prints are said to be worth about $50,000.<\/span><\/p>\n

The Cameron home on the Isle of Wight, \u201cDimbola\u201d, is now owned by the Julia Margaret Cameron Trust, and consists of a museum and galleries. It has a growing permanent collection of Julia\u2019s photographs, and is dedicated to her life and work.<\/span><\/p>\n

When I visited St. Mary\u2019s church in 2012, looking for evidence of my ancestors, the churchyard was covered in weeds. Stephen White, who visited St. Mary\u2019s Church in 2017, lamented that the grave of \u201ca woman whose photographs still stirred thousands with their beauty, and whose name was spoken with reverence by lovers of photography around Europe and the States\u201d could be so \u201cforlorn \u2026 unattended [and] unadorned\u201d. A photograph of the grave that accompanies his article indeed shows a neglected gravesite, the curb cracked. The more recent photo on the next page, from the Thuppahi\u2019s blog, is more cheerful.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"JuliaIsmeth Raheem wrote that the house on Glencairn Estate where Julia died had been demolished in 2021.<\/span><\/p>\n

While Julia is the better known of the Camerons, Charles made a lasting impact on Ceylon as a member of the Colebrooke-Cameron Commission, which, among other contributions, provided a uniform code of justice for the island. His on and off association with Ceylon was much longer, about 50 years at the time he died. A romantic at heart, he loved Ceylon with a passion.<\/span><\/p>\n

Recently, Ismeth Raheem and Dr. Martin Pieris have brought out a short film, \u201cFrom the Isle of Wight to Ceylon\u201d, based on substantial research on Julia\u2019s life. Finally, in Sri Lanka, Julia Margaret Cameron appears to be receiving the recognition she fully deserves.<\/span><\/p>\n

GEORGE BRAINE<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

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